同标称值替代法与换位法在直流电阻测量中的应用

介绍了同标称值替代法和换位法校准直流电阻的原理,给出了各自的数学模型,从不确定度、测量结果两个方面对两种方法进行了分析、比较,并对其各自优缺点给出了评价.     

蒙特卡罗法在机械可靠性设计中的应用

本文介绍了蒙特卡罗法在求应力-强度分布干涉理论的可靠度中的应用。并求出应力和强度的分布,计算结构可靠度。     

管制员素质模糊优劣判别模型

利用模糊数学中的Blin法的基本原理,建立了一种管制员素质优劣判别模型。将多因素不同权重的管制员素质优选问题简化为单指标的得分比较问题,为管制单位招聘、人事调整等提供一个科学、客观、综合的衡量参数。同时,该模型具有很好的推广价值。     

基于协同优化方法的多学科非概率可靠性优化设计

针对传统多学科优化是基于确定性的优化设计方法,为了获得更为可靠的结构设计,在设计中考虑了不确定因素对结构性能的影响.本文将非概率可靠性优化方法与多学科优化设计方法相结合,引入了非概率可靠性指标,提出了一种新的基于协同优化方法的非概率可靠性多学科优化设计方法.同时采用了基于均匀试验设计的响应面方法来近似学科优化,提高了遗传算法的收敛速度,降低了计算量.最后通过对跨声速机翼气动结构多学科可靠性优化设计算例的计算,验证了本文提出的方法能够保证设计解的可靠性,对工程实践具有一定的指导意义.     

基于光滑件的缺口件疲劳强度分散性估算方法

提出了一个缺口件疲劳强度分散性的估算方法,该方法只需要材料P-S-N曲线和缺口件的几何信息.影响缺口件疲劳强度分布的因素主要有材料的分散性和缺口效应的分散性两部分.本文采用改进的相等破坏概率方法求出光滑件的疲劳强度分布,该方法可充分考虑成组和升降法疲劳试验结果,由应力场强法和历史信息获得疲劳缺口系数的分布,并由此得到缺口件疲劳强度分布.完成了2024-T3和7075-T6铝合金的8个算例,结果表明该方法所得结果令人满意.     

加筋圆柱曲板稳定性的微分求积单元法分析

加筋圆柱壳和圆柱曲板在工程领域中有着广泛的应用,其稳定性特性是设计人员十分关注的一个问题。本文首次尝试应用微分求积单元法分析加筋圆柱曲板的稳定性问题。采用了新的确定权系数的方法建立了微分求积圆柱曲板单元,并给出了详细的分析过程。将微分求积单元法的计算结果与现有的数值结果进行了比较来验证所建立的微分求积单元法的分析过程及结果的正确性,还给出了一些新的数据和图线供设计参考或者用于新方法的验证。     

Flight Flutter Modal Parameters Identification with Atmospheric Turbulence Excitation Based on Wavelet Transformation

针对基于大气紊流激励的飞机颤振试验数据具有信噪比低以及测量数据以加速度响应形式给出等特点,将小波变换与随机减量法相结合对飞机颤振模态参数进行识别,首先利用随机减量法获得结构在非零初始加速度条件下的自由衰减响应,然后对该自由衰减响应进行Morlet连续小波变换,为使变换简单,本文采用了Parseval定理和留数定理,利用Morlet的带通滤波特性,通过搜索小波变换系数在不同的尺度区域内的极大值,再根据小波变换系数的极大值、相角与固有振动频率及阻尼系数间的关系,即可识别出各模态参数。并对利用小波变换识别颤振模态参数时,实现模态解耦应满足的条件进行了分析研究。通过仿真和飞机颤振试验数据分析,验证了该识别方法不仅简单、有效和可行,而且具有较强的抗噪性。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.