耐腐蚀Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B合金的激光表面非晶化及其对结构和性能的影响

铁基Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B非晶合金具有高耐腐蚀性能和高硬度的特点,因而非常适合应用于表面及涂层材料,其较高的非晶形成能力使得采用激光表面处理技术获得理想非晶表面成为可能。采用激光表面熔化技术成功实现了Fe-CrMo-C-B合金的表面非晶化,研究了激光表面熔化工艺参数对合金表面非晶化的影响并建立了最佳工艺。发现合金经激光表面熔化处理后形成了从表面到基体的非晶层、非晶-晶体复合层和晶态基体的多层次结构,并探讨了其形成机理及与腐蚀行为和硬度的相关性。研究表明:Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B合金的硬度和腐蚀行为等表面性能显著依赖于其微观结构,激光表面熔化所获得的非晶表层表现出高硬度和优异的耐腐蚀性能。研究结果也为采用激光表面熔覆技术在其他金属材料表面制备具有实际应用价值的耐腐蚀、耐磨损Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B非晶合金涂层奠定了一定的理论和实验基础。     

高体积分数SiCp/Al的化学镀镍

在进行无钯活化预处理后,对高体积分数SiCp/Al进行化学镀镍,研究了温度和pH值对镀层和沉积速度的影响。采用SEM观察镀层形貌,通过EDX测定镀层的镍磷含量,并用XRD分析了镀层的显微结构。结果表明:在特殊预处理后,采用化学镀镍,可在高体积分数SiCp/Al表面沉积上致密、均匀、结合牢固的镍镀层,镀层为微晶结构,属于中磷镀层。     

单体与交联剂比例对凝胶注模成型多孔氮化硅性能的影响

利用凝胶注模成型工艺,在固定单体交联荆总质量的情况下,改变单体与交联剂的质量比例,制备出不同单体与交联剂比例的多孔氮化硅陶瓷.借助扫描电子显微镜、Archimedes法和三点弯曲法等方法研究了单体与交联剂比例对多孔氮化硅陶瓷的微观结构和基本力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着单体与交联剂比例的增大,试样的干燥收缩率增大;当单体与交联剂比例≥15时,试样排胶后出现开裂现象;当单体与交联剂比例<15时,随着单体与交联剂比例增大,烧成后的试样强度呈增大的趋势.     

ZrO2-Al2O3两相陶瓷复合材料力学性能与增韧机制的研究

研究了ZrO2-Al2O3二元复相陶瓷材料的力学性能、烧结行为和增韧机制。研究结果表明ZrO2-Al2O3复相陶瓷可以在体积分数为lO％～30％的纳米ZrO2含量范围内都保持较高的抗弯强度和断裂韧性；ZrO2颗粒的存在能够有效抑制晶界运动从而达到促进材料致密化、改善显微结构的目的。在ZrO2-Al2O3复相陶瓷中相变增韧和裂纹偏转是主要的增韧机制。此外，ZrO2纳米颗粒使位错钉扎或堆积，起到了分散阻碍裂纹的作用，达到强韧化效果。     

铌酸锶钡陶瓷的固相烧结行为与结构演化研究

采用不同前驱体:Sr(NO3)2,Ba(NO3)2,Nb2O5(NSBN70)和SrCO3,BaCO3,Nb2O5(CSBN70)用传统烧结方法制备Sr0.7Ba03Nb2O6陶瓷.通过XRD、SEM实验手段,研究了硝酸盐前驱体制备过程中烧结温度和烧结时间对结构演化的影响.对比了不同前驱体制备SBN70陶瓷的显微结构.实验结果显示:采用硝酸盐前驱体,1400℃下烧结4h可得到纯SBN70相;1375℃烧结6h得到纯SBN70相.与碳酸盐前驱体相比,NSBN70呈现出双结构,比CSBN70易于出现异常晶粒长大.     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of In Situ TiB2-7055 Composites

In order to fabricate a kind of high strength particulate reinforced aluminum-matrix composites, the high strength aluminum alloy 7055 was selected as a matrix. Composites reinforced with varying amounts of TiB2 particles were synthesized using the in situ method, and their mechanical properties and microstructure were analyzed. It is found that the in situ TiB2 particles sized from 50 to 400 um uniformly disperse in the matrix. With the weight fraction of TiB2 particles increasing, the elastic modulus as well as the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength increase, while the ductility decrease. The improvement of strength could be attributed to good bonding between TiB2 and the matrix, and also the TiB2 particles act as a barrier to dislocation.     

SiC晶须增韧SiC mini复合材料的制备与性能分析

采用CVI工艺制备了SiC晶须增韧SiC(SiCW/SiC)mini复合材料,研究了其微观结构和力学性能.实验结果表明:SiC晶须的体积分数达到45%～50%,SiCW/SiC mini复合材料的维氏显微硬度平均值为19.04GPa,断裂韧度平均值达到6.51MPa·m1/2.微观结构观察证实SiC晶须的引入在mini复合材料中产生了晶须桥联、晶须拔出、晶须断裂和裂纹偏转等增韧机制,为后续SiCW/SiC复合材料的制备奠定了基础.     

ZnO压敏陶瓷组成、微观结构与伏安特性研究

本文用电子自旋共振谱仪(ESR)、X—射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及电子探针(EPMA)研究了ZnO压敏陶瓷几种典型添加剂Bi_2O_3,MnO_2,Co_2O_3,Sb_2O_3,Cr_2O_3组成的作用。结果表明:优良的伏安特性是上述添加剂组成共同作用的结果.ZnO晶粒具有本征电子电导,Bi_2O_3,MnO_2,Co_2O_3是受主型添加剂,在晶界俘获电子而发生价态变化。当外界给予足够的能量(如电能)时,被俘获电子脱离束缚状态,宏观上ZnO陶瓷即从高阻态转向低阻态,显示出对电压的“开关”特性(压敏特性)。Sb_2O_3,Cr_2O_3则不是受主型添加剂,Sb_2O_3与ZnO在适当条件下形成Zn_7Sb_2O_(12)立方尖晶石相,Cr_2O_3具有稳定Zn_7Sb_2O_(12)相的功用,Zn_7Sb_2O_(12)相形成抑制受主型杂质在高温下的挥发,对ZnO压敏陶瓷伏安特性起着间接的贡献。     

包裹和热压工艺制备Al2O3／Ni金属陶瓷

首先通过非均相沉淀法合成Ni颗粒包裹Al2 O3 粉体 ,然后热压制备Al2 O3 / 5vol%Ni金属陶瓷。XRD结果表明 ,非晶态包裹层经 5 5 0℃煅烧和 70 0℃还原后 ,完全转变为Ni金属。显微照片表明 ,包裹层的Ni颗粒呈球形 ,团聚少 ,大小在 15～ 2 0nm。在 14 0 0℃热压包裹粉体获得 98 6 %理论密度的烧结体。显微观察发现 ,烧结体中Ni颗粒均匀分布在基体中 ,且绝大部分位于三角晶界。与单相Al2 O3 相比 ,金属陶瓷抗弯强度、断裂韧性和热导率都有明显的提高 ,并探讨了增强、增韧和热导率提高的机理     

Phase-field Modeling of the Influence of Elastic Field on the Nucleation and Microstructure Evolution in Precipitation

A phase-field method was employed to study the influence of elastic field on the nucleation and microstructure evolution. Two kinds of nucleation process were considered:one using fixed nucleation probability and the other calculated from the classical nucleation theory. In the latter case, the simulated results show that the anisotropic elastic strain field yields significant effects on the behavior of nucleation. With a large lattice misfit between the matrixes and the precipitates, the nucleation process does not appear fully random but displays some spatial correlation and has a preference for the elastic soft direction. However, with a small lattice misfit, this bias does not look quite clear. On the contrary, in the case of fixed nucleation probability, the elastic field has no influence on the nucleation proc- ess. The lattice mismatch also exerts influences on the microstructure morphology: with lattice mismatch becoming larger, the micro- structure proves to align along the elastic soft direction.