利用摩阻力和宏观纹理模拟道（路）面的性能

本文介绍了利用国际摩擦指数(IFI)(International Friction Index)。随机模拟(道)路面性能时对抗滑和表面宏观纹理相互关系的研究。IFI包括抗滑和宏观纹理值，当宏观纹理影响到因速度不同而产生不同的抗滑力时，IFI提供了一种可用来与国际水准相比较的摩阻换算(记数)法。为了确定抗滑和宏观纹理的高、低品质状态，评价适时按排维护工作的道面摩擦指数(IFI)，确定了道面抗滑和纹理的阈值。其方法：(1)利用当地的专用设备测出摩擦值和宏观纹理值，并根据确定的IFI得出其阅值；(2)确定一个不变的IFI的阈值；(3)根据不变的IFI求修正后的专用设备的阈值。本文的分析中所用的数据是1994～1997年在匈牙利的沥青混凝土公路系统上收集的。研究表明利用修正后的专用设备的阈值建立的马克夫链式(Markov Chain)模型分析出的道面性能与实际道面性能的数据十分相似。     

测量能力指数 Cg——一种通用检测评定指标

对测量能力指数Cg的含义和实质进行了阐述和分析，并联系企业应用实例做了介绍。     

定量插管浇注工艺装置

国内近年来开展的战术固体火箭单室双推力发动机的研制工作,已经取得了较好的成果。单室双推力发动机具有两种燃速不同推进剂呈前后串联排列、两段装药在助推段工作期间同时燃烧后,续航段继续工作。因此,可以获得两级推力。发动机的两级推力是采用燃速不同推进剂与改变燃面相结合的方法来实现的(即调节Ⅰ、Ⅱ级装药量)为确保发动机装药结构完整性和发动机工作可靠性,从装药工艺上提出如下要求:     

激光步进电机型固体推进剂药条燃面同步跟踪装置

本文扼要介绍了固体推进剂药条燃面同步跟踪装置的工作原理、试验结果及其用途,并对一些问题进行了讨论。我们在美国空军科研处研制方案基础上,由断续控制改进为连续控制,使装置的起动时间缩短为几十至几百毫秒,燃面定点准确度提高到±0.05毫米以下,它可以精确测定药条的瞬时燃速、平均燃速、侵蚀燃速、变压力下的燃速及研究不稳定燃烧等,并提供了一个稳定的流场及温度场,可用于燃烧机理的研究。     

太阳系中的火星

火星在哪里？ 火星是太阳系中从内到外的第四颗行星,与太阳的平均距离是2．28亿千米。天文学家将火星定义为“内行星”中最外面的一颗,另外三颗内行星分别为水星、金星和地球。     

Numerical investigation of unsteady vortex breakdown past 80°/65° double-delta wing

An improved delayed detached eddy simulation （IDDES） method based on the k-x-SST （shear stress transport） turbulence model was applied to predict the unsteady vortex breakdown past an 80o/65o double-delta wing （DDW）, where the angles of attack （AOAs） range from 30° to 40°. Firstly, the IDDES model and the relative numerical methods were validated by simulating the massively separated flow around an NACA0021 straight wing at the AOA of 60°. The fluctuation properties of the lift and pressure coefficients were analyzed and compared with the available measurements. For the DDW case, the computations were compared with such mea-surements as the mean lift, drag, pitching moment, pressure coefficients and breakdown locations. Furthermore, the unsteady properties were investigated in detail, such as the frequencies of force and moments, pressure fluctuation on the upper surface, typical vortex breakdown patterns at three moments, and the distributions of kinetic turbulence energy at a stream wise section. Two dominated modes are observed, in which their Strouhal numbers are 1.0 at the AOAs of 30°, 32° and 34° and 0.7 at the AOAs of 36o, 38° and 40°. The breakdown vortex always moves upstream and downstream and its types change alternatively. Furthermore, the vortex can be identified as breakdown or not through the mean pressure, root mean square of pressure, or even through correlation analysis.     

Effect of turbulence on NO formation in swirling combustion

Turbulence affects both combustion and NO formation. Fluctuation correlations are ideally used for quantitative analysis. From the instantaneous chemical reaction rate expression,ignoring the third-order correlation terms, the averaged reaction rate will have four terms, including the term of averaged-variable product, a concentration fluctuation correlation term, and temperature-concentration fluctuation correlation term. If the reaction-rate coefficient is denoted as K, the temperature fluctuation would be included in the K fluctuation. In order to quantitatively study the effect of turbulence on NO formation in methane-air swirling combustion, various turbulencechemistry models are tested. The magnitudes of various correlations and their effects on the time-averaged reaction rate are calculated and analyzed, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental measurement data. The results show that among various correlation moments, the correlation between the reaction-rate coefficient K fluctuation with the concentration fluctuation is most important and is a strong nonlinear term.     

太阳E10.7指数的反演及预报方法

针对高层大气密度预报和轨道预报业务中对新型太阳紫外辐射指数E_10.7的需求,基于TIMED-SEE观测仪器提供的0.1～105 nm太阳辐射强度数据,开展了E_10.7指数反演和中期预报研究。 E_10.7指数是太阳光谱中波长为0.1～105 nm的辐射流量,单位与F_10.7指数相同（sfu,1 sfu=10–22 W·m–2·Hz–1）。 TIMED-SEE观测仪器提供的0.1～105 nm太阳辐射强度实测值具有高时间分辨率、延迟时间短和易获得的优势,利用最小二乘法拟合可反演出准实时的E_10.7指数,均方根误差为5.445 sfu。利用高阶自回归模型对E_10.7的中期预报效果尚佳,未来27天的预报值平均相对误差为7.83%。利用同样方法还开展了E_10.7指数81天中心滑动平均值未来27天预报试验,未来27天的预报值平均相对误差仅为3.63%。      

基于数字控制器的石英挠性加速度计再平衡回路设计

目前广泛使用的石英挠性加速度计模拟伺服电路的输出需要经过模数转换电路才能与数字计算机系统连接,转换电路的非线性误差、温度漂移等非理想因素会造成一定的精度损失.针对转换过程引起的精度损失,研制了一种基于单载波电容调制解调的脉冲输出型数字伺服电路.首先,提出了采用单载波开关电容充放电调制、滑动平均滤波解调的电容检测方案.然...     

国外含HMX推进剂的弹道调节剂研究综述

对国外提高含 HMX 推进剂燃速及降低其压强指数的催化剂研究,归纳为过渡金属化合物、硼氢化合物、碳类物质、硝胺盐等五大类进行了介绍。