涡轮发动机平衡流形展开模型辨识方法研究

 根据涡轮发动机平衡流形展开模型的特点提出了两步建模方法。将复杂非线性建模转化为静态参数拟合和带约束条件的动态参数最小二乘辨识,根据单轴涡喷发动机气动热力模型辨识算例证明了方法的有效性。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

Flight Flutter Modal Parameters Identification with Atmospheric Turbulence Excitation Based on Wavelet Transformation

针对基于大气紊流激励的飞机颤振试验数据具有信噪比低以及测量数据以加速度响应形式给出等特点,将小波变换与随机减量法相结合对飞机颤振模态参数进行识别,首先利用随机减量法获得结构在非零初始加速度条件下的自由衰减响应,然后对该自由衰减响应进行Morlet连续小波变换,为使变换简单,本文采用了Parseval定理和留数定理,利用Morlet的带通滤波特性,通过搜索小波变换系数在不同的尺度区域内的极大值,再根据小波变换系数的极大值、相角与固有振动频率及阻尼系数间的关系,即可识别出各模态参数。并对利用小波变换识别颤振模态参数时,实现模态解耦应满足的条件进行了分析研究。通过仿真和飞机颤振试验数据分析,验证了该识别方法不仅简单、有效和可行,而且具有较强的抗噪性。     

空间相机相对辐射定标精度分析

文章介绍了CCD相机辐射定标概念;分析对比了平均行标准差法、平均标准差法和广义噪声法三种计算相对辐射定标精度的算法;对归一化系数法、最小二乘法进行相对定标的数学原理进行了介绍;并采用中巴地球资源卫星02B CCD相机辐射定标数据计算三种定标精度,验证了理论分析的正确性,并指出了现有定义算法的不足处。     

AR模型在火箭发动机遥测数据中的应用

针对火箭发动机氧离心泵的遥测数据信号非平稳和非线性的特点,提出一种基于AR模型双谱方法分析、处理和提取火箭发动机氧离心泵开始测试、火箭飞行、火箭关机等三个阶段的故障信息,探讨了二次相位耦合与火箭发动机氧离心泵故障的关系。首先对两个频率二次相位耦合信号进行了AR模型双谱仿真,获得二次相位耦合信号的一般规律,然后采用AR模型双谱方法对此氧离心泵测点三个阶段的遥测数据进行二次相位耦合分析。结果表明,采用AR模型双谱方法可用于识别火箭发动机氧离心泵的故障。该氧离心泵发生故障主要是二次相位耦合引起更强烈的非平稳振动造成的,论证了通过二次耦合相位分析火箭发动机离心泵故障的有效性和可行性,可为氧离心泵后续的性能改进提供依据。     

粉末燃料的沉降速度和最小流化速度分析

粉末燃料输送技术是粉末发动机的核心关键技术之一,目前所用的气动活塞式粉末输送方案还处于概念设计阶段。采用多个经验公式对某密度为2.5 g/cm~3、粒度为20～300μm的粉末燃料颗粒沉降速度和最小流化速度进行了计算分析,得到流化气温度、压强、颗粒粒度等对最小流化速度的影响规律。分析表明,最小流化速度比沉降速度小得多,按照沉降速度设计流化气速度自然能够满足最小流化速度的要求;高温高压下的粉末沉降速度较常温常压下的小,因此按照粒度较大的颗粒在常温常压下的沉降速度设计流化气速度,就能够同时保证所有颗粒在所有工况下的气力输送,该速度为2.5 m/s。     

基于磁路法与等效热网络法的航天 永磁同步电机设计与仿真

针对航天永磁同步电机方案初步设计耗时长、过度依赖商业软件的问题,基于磁路法和热网络法,提出了一套方案设计阶段航天永磁同步电机磁热性能快速预估与仿真方法。给出了定子内径、定子外径、铁芯长度、匝数等关键参数的取值准则,建立了包含36个节点集总参数热网络模型,并以端部绕组为例给出了热平衡方程的详细推导过程。通过与成熟商业软件对比,其电磁计算最大误差出现在电流有效值上,偏差值为607%;与样机实测值对比,绕组温升最大误差为73%,满足方案设计阶段预示精度要求,为方案设计阶段航天永磁同步电机快速性能预估提供有力支撑。     

认知风格理论对外语教与学的启示

认知风格是学习者习惯性的认知特点,它相对固定。不同学习者往往具有不同的认知特点。在二语习得理论中,认知风格被视为学习者个体内在因素之一。研究认知风格对于教与学都具有重要的意义。