“嫦娥”计划后的话题

截至2008年8月1日14日，“嫦娥1”号卫星已正常工作9个月零9天，绕月飞行3042圈，卫星曾经安全度过2008年2月21日的月食，目前整星剩余燃料量约270千克。按计划，8月4日，“嫦娥1”号卫星将由现在约正飞姿态转入侧飞姿态。8月16日，“嫦娥1”号卫星将迎来第二次月食。有关专家表示，根据前一次度过月食的经验和对目前卫星状态的确认，“嫦娥1”号卫星能够安全度过第二次月食.     

一种易实现的非相参捷变频雷达射频预测器

常见非相参捷变频雷达利用随机重频调制旋转磁控管,发射随机射频。本文证明了重频为常数,磁控管调谐曲线为谐波函数时,可用维纳—霍甫方程(Weiner-Hopf)求得预测器为二阶契比雪夫恒等式。此时,预测器为无偏估计,估计误差之均方差为零。当随机重频调制磁控管时,其射频序列可用自回归模型(AR)来近似。本文以瑞典产9LV雷达为例,讨论随机重频频谱、磁控管调谐曲线之高次谐波及磁控管电机转速变化对预测误差的影响。计算结果表明,预测器用四到六阶数字滤波器制作,其预测误差之均方根差不大于千分之一。     

预混段结构对旋流预混氢火焰回火形式影响的数值研究

为了区分不同类型的回火形式,以便可以对不同类型的回火施加不同的控制方法,引入试验设计(DOE)方法和方差分析方法数值分析了预混段长度L和预混段出口处水力直径D对回火形式和回火极限的影响。主要得到如下结论:L和D对回火极限均有显著影响,通过减少混合物在预混段内的停留时间可以同时改善燃烧诱导涡破碎(CIVB)回火和边界层回火;L/D存在两个临界值,当L/D≤(L/D)cri1时发生边界层回火,当L/D(L/D)cri2时发生CIVB回火,当(L/D)cri1L/D≤(L/D)cri2时可能只发生CIVB回火或两种回火形式共存;L/D通过改变CIVB回火发生所需的临界切向涡量值而作用于CIVB回火,L/D值越大,诱发CIVB回火所需的临界切向涡量值越小,越容易发生CIVB回火。     

导引头量测故障下的增量式三维制导律设计

考虑导引头量测故障下拦截机动目标的末制导问题,以提高制导系统的鲁棒性、降低制导增益、减小系统残差、避免视线角速率剧烈振荡/发散为目的,基于增量式控制方法设计了一种具有鲁棒增强特性的三维末制导律。首先,将末制导问题转化为零化视线角速率的控制问题。其次,通过弹目相对距离及视线角速率定义辅助变量,给出传统的滑模制导律作为设计参考。然后,基于增量式非线性动态逆滑模控制方法,充分挖掘视线角加速度估计信息及上一采样时刻的制导指令,得到增量式三维鲁棒制导律。最后,在目标机动及导引头量测故障下,分析并比较了两种制导律所产生的系统残差。理论分析及多工况仿真结果表明,增量式制导律不仅对目标机动及大范围失效的导引头量测故障具有强鲁棒性,而且所需制导增益也较小,同时避免了末端视线角速率严重发散的问题     

25tf膨胀循环氢氧发动机研制进展

25 tf膨胀循环氢氧发动机是针对我国重型运载火箭三级主动力需求研制的液体火箭发动机,也可应用于未来其他航天器的上面级。该发动机采用闭式膨胀循环方式,具备高可靠、高比冲、大范围变推力以及多次点火等能力。发动机已通过推力室挤压热试验、氢涡轮泵介质试验等子系统试验验证了各项关键技术及组合件设计方案,发动机的整机方案实现已不...     

Gray bootstrap method for estimating frequency-varying random vibration signals with small samples

During environment testing, the estimation of random vibration signals （RVS） is an important technique for the airborne platform safety and reliability. However, the available meth- ods including extreme value envelope method （EVEM）, statistical tolerances method （STM） and improved statistical tolerance method （ISTM） require large samples and typical probability distri- bution. Moreover, the frequency-varying characteristic of RVS is usually not taken into account. Gray bootstrap method （GBM） is proposed to solve the problem of estimating frequency-varying RVS with small samples. Firstly, the estimated indexes are obtained including the estimated inter- val, the estimated uncertainty, the estimated value, the estimated error and estimated reliability. In addition, GBM is applied to estimating the single flight testing of certain aircraft. At last, in order to evaluate the estimated performance, GBM is compared with bootstrap method （BM） and gray method （GM） in testing analysis. The result shows that GBM has superiority for estimating dynamic signals with small samples and estimated reliability is proved to be 100% at the given confidence level.     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.     

波音737NG飞机前缘缝翼位置指示故障的研究

波音737NG飞机经常发生前缘缝翼运动到指令位置后过渡灯不灭的故障,并导致多起严重不正常事件。为了对该故障进行有效预防,本文采取PDCA循环,分别在数据统计、原因分析、排故流程、航材准备等方面进行探索,最终提出更为合理的EO解决方案。     

一种基于机动辨识预测的空空导弹导引律

现有的空空导弹导引头在有噪声和干扰的环境下获得目标精确信息存在时间延迟,且新一代目标的机动能力更强,不对导弹加以补偿会造成较大脱靶量,所以需对目标状态有效预测。针对新一代目标规避空空导弹常用的大机动模式,为满足新一代空空导弹发展需求,设计了一种新型复合导引律。从目标自身出发,研究高机动目标规避导弹采用的典型机动形式,对机动轨迹进行离线建模,构建具有扩展能力的目标机动模型库。设计自适应滤波器对测量噪声进行降噪。同时,利用模型库设计了机动辨识预测器,对目标实际机动进行在线辨识。基于在线辨识的结果对目标机动进行预测,并对时间延迟进行补偿和修正,实现对高机动目标的精确打击。仿真结果表明:该方法对不同类型的机动目标均有较高的预测精度和命中精度。     

热处理细化Ti46A18.5Nb0.2W合金的铸态组织

用风冷（ＧＦＣ）／回火再加在１０００～１２００℃之间的循环热处理的方法对Ｔｉ４６Ａｌ８．５Ｎｂ０．２Ｗ合金的铸态合金组组织细化进行了研究。结果表明：风冷（ＧＦＣ）／回火处理能快速地破碎Ｔｉ４６Ａｌ８．５Ｎｂ０．２Ｗ合金的铸态组织，得到双态组织（ＤＭ），并且组织比较均匀。循环热处理是在１０００～１２００℃之间进行，循环热处理能有效地阻止已经存在的ｒ晶粒异常长大，并且能使空冷形成的亚稳层片迅速均匀地等