航空发动机机械系统技术研究

针对航空发动机机械系统具有专业技术复杂,故障多发等特点,通过对国内外航空发动机机械系统的技术分析,阐述了传动、润滑、密封和主轴轴承4个专业的技术水平现状及未来技术发展趋势,并归纳总结了目前国内、外在航空发动机机械系统研制过程中的常规做法。认为提高从业人员技术能力,完善专业设计规范和提升机械系统技术水平是当务之急。从业人员应关注设计细节,注重经验积累,用数据说话,重视基础研究工作;同时建议积极开展国际技术合作,加强航空发动机机械系统专业技术交流。     

抑波槽宽度对水陆两栖飞机喷溅性能影响对比试验研究

抑波槽宽度合理性直接影响抑制喷溅的效果。通过两个抑波槽宽度的单船身模型拖曳水池对比试验,比较同一状态两者喷溅包络线,分析抑波槽宽度变化对飞机喷溅性能影响,表明减小抑波槽宽度使螺旋桨处喷溅高度增加19%以上,使襟翼处喷溅高度降低54%。     

Design and experimental study of a micro-groove grinding wheel with spray cooling effect

The effectiveness of grinding fluid supply has a crucial impact on grinding quality and efficiency in high speed grinding. In order to improve the cooling and lubrication, through in-depth research of self-inhaling internal cooling method and intermittent grinding mechanism, a new spray cooling method used in high speed grinding is proposed. By referring to the structure of bowl- shaped dispersion disk, the grinding wheel matrix with atomization ability is designed; through studying heat transfer of droplet collision and the influence of micro-groove on the boiling heat transfer, grinding segment with micro-groove is designed to enhance the heat flux of coolant and achieve maximum heat transfer between droplets and grinding contact zone. High-speed grinding experiments on GH4169 with the developed grinding wheel are carried out. The results show that with the micro-groove grinding wheel just 5.4% of pump outlet flow rate and 0.5% of spindle energy is needed to reduce the grinding temperature to 200℃, which means the developed grinding wheel makes cooling high efficient and low energy consuming.     

Dynamic analysis of C/C composite finger seal

A seal device as an important component of aeroengines has decisive influence on per- formance, reliability, and working life of aeroengines. With the development of aeroengines, demands on the performance characteristics of seal devices are made strictly. Finger seal as a novel kind of sealing device, recently attracts more and more attentions in academic circles and engineer- ing fields at home and abroad. Research on finger seals has been extensively developed, especially on leakage and wear performances under dynamic conditions. However, it is a pity that the work on finger seals has been limited with a single approach that is improving the performance by structural optimization; in addition, the technology of dynamic analysis on finger seals is weak. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a distributed mass equivalent dynamic model of finger seals considering the coupling effect of overlaid laminates is established in the present paper, the dynamic perfor- mance of 2.5 dimension C/C composite finger seal is analyzed with the model, and then the effects of fiber bundle density and fiber bundle preparation direction on finger seal＇s dynamic performance are discussed, as well as compared with those of Co-based alloy finger seal. The current work is about dynamic analysis of finger seals and application of C/C composite in this paper may have much academic significance and many engineering values for improving research level of finger seal dynamics and exploring feasibility of C/C composite being used for finger seals.     

转子振动对直通式迷宫密封性能的影响

为了研究振动转子与迷宫密封之间的相互作用及影响,针对迷宫密封内转子振动效应对密封流场、泄漏特性以及转子受力等方面的问题进行了分析。通过建立迷宫密封-转子动力学模型,对密封所对应的转子在三组转速条件下进行转子动力学计算,得出相应转速下对应的振动频率及振动振幅;将计算求得的振动振幅及频率作为边界条件对密封流场进行非定常流场计算,得出不同工况下的密封流场计算结果。通过对迷宫密封间隙内流场以及转子所受气体力的分析,表明转子的振动现象可使迷宫密封的泄漏量增幅达约4.5%;同时流场的变化会对转子产生额外的气体作用力,该气体力将对转子的振动趋势产生影响。     

径向槽对涡轮叶间补燃室性能影响的数值研究

为探究径向槽对涡轮叶间补燃室的影响,设计了两种涡轮叶间补燃室模型.用计算流体动力学的方法对涡轮叶间补燃室内流动及燃烧进行数值模拟,数值模拟结果与实验数据基本吻合.涡轮叶间补燃室性能稳定,燃烧效率在97.5%以上,绝对压力损失为5.7%.叶背径向槽会引起气流在叶背发生分离,流场遭严重破坏,叶盆径向槽会减弱分离现象,改善出口径向平均速度分布.叶盆径向槽可提高燃烧效率,降低叶片表面温度,使叶间、出口温度更均匀.叶盆径向槽较叶背径向槽能降低CO、未燃碳氢化合物的排放量,但会引起NO排放量增加.      

基于多孔介质模型的指尖密封泄漏流动分析

将指尖密封处理为多孔介质,把压力梯度作为多孔介质动量方程中的源项,根据试验结果确定了源项中的系数,结合指尖密封的结构参数提出了用于指尖密封泄漏的多孔介质模型,利用该模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,证明利用该模型模拟指尖密封泄漏是可行的.流场计算结果表明:指尖密封与转子接触部分的孔隙率对泄漏影响比较大,指尖密封的承压部分主要为后挡板内径以下区域.      

U型节流槽等压差活门内流场特性

以某U型节流槽等压差活门为研究对象,开展了内流场性能数值模拟研究.基于三维建模造型技术对所设计的压差活门进行初步建模,然后采用周期性网格网格单元划分等压差活门的结构化网格;进而通过CFD数值模拟进行了内流场仿真分析,并对不同出口节流开度的等压 差活门模型进行了对比研究.内流场状态表明:U型节流槽等压差活门不同流量以及不同出口节流开度下在节流口处由于面积突变,压力梯度变化较大,等压差活门的压降主要集中在此处,且均存在一定范围低速团与二次旋涡流等.仿真结果预测的外特性性能表明:等压差活门的压差在不同流量工况下和相同流量的不同出口节流开度下,压差维持在0.9MPa左右,符合设计要求.且不同出口节流开度下压差变化趋势相似,出口节流开度越大,压差越大,小流量下相应更快.      

基于流固热耦合的非金属迷宫密封泄漏特性与公式构造

建立了考虑齿变形的非金属迷宫密封泄漏特性流固热耦合数值求解模型,在验证求解模型准确性的基础上,研究了聚醚醚酮（PEEK）、填充30%碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮（PEEK-CA30）和铝合金三种材料迷宫密封在不同压比、温度下的流场特性、结构力学特性与泄漏特性,并基于Vermes公式构造了考虑齿变形的非金属迷宫密封泄漏量理论公式。研究结果表明:建立的迷宫密封流固热耦合模型可以准确计算非金属密封齿的变形量和变形后的泄漏量。在研究的三种材料中,采用PEEK-CA30材料密封齿的变形量相对较小,占密封齿径向长度的0.35%~0.67%,其密封性能较好,相比于未考虑齿变形密封的泄漏量增加1.2%~6.8%。当温度高于500 K,压比大于3时,采用铝合金材料密封齿的最大等效应力达到材料的屈服极限而引起密封件失效。所构造的泄漏量理论公式能够准确预测考虑齿变形的非金属迷宫密封泄漏量,为非金属迷宫密封泄漏特性分析提供理论依据。      

刷式密封流动传热特性数值方法

开展了刷式密封流动传热特性数值方法研究,分别建立了刷式密封多孔介质、稳态实体与瞬态流固热耦合求解模型,设计搭建了刷式密封泄漏流动特性实验装置,在实验验证数值方法准确性基础上,对比分析了3种数值方法的差异性,研究了刷式密封流动传热特性,揭示了刷式密封的封严与传热机理。研究结果表明:在研究工况下,刷式密封多孔介质、稳态实体、瞬态流固热耦合模型泄漏量计算值与实验值的对比误差分别为9.8%~17.1%、8.1%~10%、6.92%~9.01%。刷式密封多孔介质模型计算速度较快,但需通过实验修正孔隙率,湍流模型对稳态实体模型流动传热特性结果影响较大,瞬态流固热耦合模型考虑了流场、刷丝及摩擦热三者间相互耦合作用,计算精度较高,但所需计算时间较长;同一压比下刷丝束温度从上游至下游逐渐增加,刷丝束最高温度随压比的增加而增大。气流流经刷丝间隙形成的节流效应致使泄漏气流能量耗散是刷式密封封严的主要原因,泄漏气流与刷丝表面间的对流换热是刷式密封摩擦热耗散的主要形式。