变形飞行器建模及控制方法研究综述

针对变形飞行器的发展现状、气动建模、动力学建模以及控制方法研究进行了综述。首先阐述了变形飞行器的定义及变形需求,再从四个方面梳理了变形飞行器的技术优势。针对不同的机翼变形方式,对飞行器各种变形技术的特点及发展现状进行了详细的分析与总结;将变形飞行器与固定外形飞行器的气动机理进行了对比分析,并对变形飞行器的动力学建模方法进行了梳理,总结了各种方法的特点;结合变形飞行器自身特性分析了飞行控制的特点及难点,并详细阐述了各类变形飞行器的控制研究进展。最后总结分析了变形飞行器的发展趋势：深化基础理论与技术研究,从材料、结构及控制等领域全方面朝着智能化方向发展,最终实现变形飞行器的工程化、自主化、智能化应用。     

姿轨控发动机开机充填和关机传热特性

以双组元姿轨控液体火箭发动机为研究对象,为提高其响应速度和安全可靠性,通过实验和仿真对其开机充填和关机传热特性进行了研究。开展了透明喷注器试验件瞬态流动过程的实验研究,采用高速相机进行液流拍摄,对喷注器试验件瞬态流动过程进行仿真计算,并与实验结果进行对比,验证了流体体积模型计算的合理性。仿真结果表明地面状态各安装方向下...     

Accuracy enhancement of the spherical actuator with a two-level geometric calibration method

This paper presents a two-level geometric calibration method for the permanent magnet （PM） spherical actuator to improve its motion control accuracy. The proposed actuator is com- posed of a stator with circumferential coils and a rotor with multiple PM poles. Due to the assembly and fabrication errors, the real geometric parameters of the actuator will deviate from their design values. Hence, the identification of such errors is critical for the motion control tasks. A two-level geometric calibration approach is proposed to identify such errors. In the first level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of the kinematic equation, which is to identify the geometric errors in the spherical joint. In the second level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of torque formula, which is to calibrate the geometric parameters of the magnetization axes of PM poles and coils axes. To demonstrate the robustness and availability of the calibration algorithm, simulations are conducted. The results have shown that the proposed two-level calibration method can effectively compensate the geometric parameter errors and improve the positioning accuracy of the spherical actuator.     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

Investigations into sensing characteristics of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors for gas path monitoring

Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important performance parameters. In this paper, an analytically mathematical model of induced charge on a circular thin-plate electrode is first derived. Then the spatial sensitivity and filtering effect of the circular electrostatic sensor are investigated by numerical calculations. Finally,experimental studies are performed to testify the theoretical results. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors act as a low-pass filter in the spatial frequency domain, and both the spatial filtering effect and the temporal frequency response characteristics depend strongly on the spatial position and velocity of the charged particle. These conclusions can provide guidelines for the optimal design of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors.     

三维内转式进气道对双旁进气飞行器力矩特性的影响分析

为了研究三维内转式进气道对飞行器力矩特性的影响规律,对一系列设计状态为Ma=6.5的内转式进气道展开力矩特性研究。对不同布局形式,进气形式以及基准流场中心体的内转式进气道对飞行器力矩特性的影响展开分析研究。研究结果表明,对于内转式进气道而言,有连接板的水滴型进气道双侧布局力矩特性较优,且容易满足飞行器总体需求;布局形式对进气道的力矩特性影响最显著,进气形式对侧滑力矩的影响比基准流场中心体影响更明显,而抬头力矩和滚转力矩受基准流场中心体影响更加突出;中心体在0~0.1Rs(Rs为基准流场入口半径)变化时,抬头力矩变化不大,而在0.1~0.2Rs抬头力矩变化明显。     

某发动机燃油调节器高空供油特性调整研究

某型教练机装用的涡扇发动机在外场使用时出现了高空转速低于规定值的问题,根据发动机工作原理可知,该问题是燃油调节器供油量与发动机需油量不匹配所造成的。本文从燃油调节器工作原理出发,通过理论计算、仿真分析及试验验证的方法,研究燃油调节器的流量调整钉对高空燃油特性的影响。     

舰载直升机金属动部件寿命控制技术研究

在分析现役老龄化舰载直升机动部件载荷特点的基础上,结合直升机所处的海洋腐蚀环境,讨论了舰载直升机的损伤类型和损伤容限寿命管理方法在其寿命分析中的应用,比较了损伤容限法应用于舰载直升机动部件与应用于固定翼飞机的不同点,重点讨论了损伤容限方法应用于工程实践亟待解决的关键技术。     

全尺寸埋入式进气道地面特性试验

采用在进气道出口连续抽气的方法,在地面静止状态(俯仰角α=0°,偏航角β=0°)下试验研究全尺寸埋入式进气道的气动特性。首先介绍了试验方法,给出了出口总压分布图谱,然后对进气道流量和畸变特性进行了分析。结果表明:试验设计合理,准确校准了进气道出口流量;地面静止状态下进气道性能良好,总压恢复系数随流量的增大而减小,周向畸变指数、紊流度和综合畸变指数则随出口马赫数的增加而增加。     

某全机模型的水滴撞击特性分析

飞机结冰会对其飞行造成巨大隐患。应用Fensap软件,使用CFD计算方法,采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型对德国宇航中心(DLR)某型飞机的三维模型进行气动及水滴撞击特性分析。通过控制变量的方法,确定环境参量对水滴撞击特性的影响。结果表明:飞机速度增大,局部水收集系数减小;水滴直径减小,局部水收集效率也减小。