存在观测站位置误差的转发式时差无源定位

无源定位中,由于观测站安放在运动平台等原因造成的观测站位置误差会影响无源定位精度性能。另外到达时间差(简称时差)(TDOA)的转发式测量需要将不同观测站截获到的辐射源信号都转发到同一位置,如主观测站。针对这两个问题,提出了基于约束总体最小二乘(CTLS)的无源定位算法。首先将转发式时差的非线性定位方程转化为不需要中间变量的直接线性方程,再基于CTLS算法依次转化为约束优化问题和无约束优化问题,最后推导给出定位近似闭式解。仿真实验表明在观测站误差较大时,该算法与其他算法相比定位精度性能较好。     

Gust response analysis and wind tunnel test for a high-aspect ratio wing

A theoretical nonlinear aeroelastic response analysis for a flexible high-aspect ratio wing excited by harmonic gust load is presented along with a companion wind tunnel test. A multidisci-plinary coupled numerical calculation is developed to simulate the flexible model wing undergoing gust load in the time domain via discrete nonlinear finite element structural dynamic analysis and nonplanar unsteady vortex lattice aerodynamic computation. A dynamic perturbation analysis about a nonlinear static equilibrium is also used to determine the small perturbation flutter bound-ary. A novel noncontact 3-D camera measurement analysis system is firstly used in the wind tunnel test to obtain the spatial large deformation and responses. The responses of the flexible wing under different static equilibrium states and frequency gust loads are discussed. The fair to good quanti-tative agreements between the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the presented analysis method is an acceptable way to predict the geometrically nonlinear gust response for flex-ible wings.     

正十七烷与正十八烷对航空煤油理化性能及液滴平均直径的影响

讨论了正十七烷与正十八烷(C₁₇,C₁₈)对燃料运动黏度、密度、表面张力理化性能的影响,探究了直链烷烃对SMD(Sauter mean diameter)的影响.将Key's混合规律、Tat混合规律和多项式拟合应用于密度公式的拟合,并将Key's混合规律与对数拟合应用于运动黏度公式的拟合,得出的理化性能拟合公式精度较高;通过测量纯煤油及C₁₇,C₁₈混合油雾化的SMD,实验发现随着直链烷烃的质量分数的增加,混合油的运动黏度增加,SMD也随之增加,雾化效果与纯航空煤油的相比较差,而C₁₈混合油的SMD要比C₁₇混合油要大,并且利用密度、运动黏度的拟合公式对SMD进行预测的偏差小于0.3%.      

一种减少失速保护虚警率的混合滤波方法

针对飞机失速保护设计过程中易出现虚警的情况,提出一种基于FIR和传统滤波器相结合的混合滤波方法。结合飞机本体的运动特征,对参与失速保护逻辑运算的两个重要参数,即侧向加速度和迎角信号进行频率分析,基于信号的特征设计混合滤波器,然后采用Simulink滤波工具箱设计滤波器对信号进行滤波处理。仿真结果表明该方法能够减少虚警率的发生,特别是大背景噪声下的虚警率能够得到较好抑制,验证了滤波器设计正确性,从而提高失速保护功能对适航条款符合性。该滤波器设计方法,不但可以有效解决本文提到的问题,对于其他涉及信号处理的系统设计同样具有借鉴意义。     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

S形进气道锤击波荷载特性分析

利用基于改进的延迟分离涡模拟（IDDES）方法,对亚声速和超声速来流条件下某S形模型进气道进行了非定常计算,研究了发动机喘振所产生的瞬时高压波形对锤击波传播规律的影响.结果表明:锤击波产生后沿进气道迅速向前传播,运动过程中锤击波的运动速度基本保持不变,但强度不断增强.同时受气流离心力的影响,S形进气道弯曲段半径较大一侧壁面受到的锤击波气动荷载值更大.发动机喘振所产生的瞬时高压的加载梯度增加使得锤击波传播速度及强度增强,而压力卸载方式对锤击波强度的影响不明显.在亚声速和超声速来流条件下,增加瞬时高压峰值均使得锤击波荷载强度显著增强,并近似符合二次函数分布规律,而且超声速来流条件下锤击波强度较亚声速来流更强.      

基于响应面法的短距/垂直起降飞机近地面升力损失

建立了短距/垂直起降(S/VTOL)飞机近地面升力损失的流场计算模型.通过数值模拟得出特定升力布局的飞机近地面状态各工况的升力损失.采用响应面法获得了飞机升力损失关于喷管落压比（NPR）、来流速度及飞机高度的2阶响应曲面函数及显著影响飞机升力损失的关键因素.并分析了喷管落压比、来流速度及飞机高度对飞机升力损失的交互影响作用,优化得出给定工况范围内升力损失最小的工作点.研究表明:仅考虑单因素影响时,升力损失随高度、落压比的增大而减小,随来流速度的增大而增大;考虑两因素交互作用时,高度与落压比及来流速度与落压比对升力损失存在交互影响,而高度与来流速度对升力损失无交互影响;优化获得的升力损失最小的工作点是飞机距地面高度为9D（D为喷管直径）、喷飞机高度为3、来流速度为0m/s,此时的升力损失为1.3%.      

液体火箭发动机充液导管流固耦合动力学特性

为了深入研究流固耦合（FSI）作用对液体火箭发动机充液导管频率特性的影响,采用传递矩阵法(TMM)建立了空间导管流固耦合动力学计算模型.针对真实发动机导管开展了传递矩阵模型与传统基于附加质量的有限元(FEM)（非耦合）模型仿真计算以及模态试验验证,比较了管径、壁厚等结构参数对导管流固耦合作用的影响.结果表明:在流固耦合作用下,导管各阶谐振频率减小、而对应的流体振荡与结构振动幅值增大.管径对导管低阶频率特性的影响较壁厚对其影响更大.对于该算例,当管径大于设计值30%后,耦合作用引起的1阶频率误差高于10%,此时流固耦合不能忽略;而壁厚对1阶谐振频率的影响则小于8%.      

飞机载体的杆臂效应对GPS测速精度的影响

杆臂效应是由于测量体的安装位置与运动载体质心不重合而引起的。从理论上分析了杆臂效应产生的原理,推导得出杆臂效应引起的速度误差公式。通过仿真试验和飞行试验数据分析了飞机载体不同运动状态下,杆臂效应对GPS速度测量精度的影响。通过对杆臂误差补偿后,GPS测速精度得到很大提高。在惯导系统飞行试验中引入该方法,可以科学合理地给出系统试飞评定结果。