一种基于提高试卷质量的实证分析

本文在对一定数量期末试卷分析汇总的数据进行分类、整理的基础上,以描述统计的基本方法为基础,分析了内容效度、覆盖率、难度、区分度、成绩分布情况等指标,探讨了试卷分析中反映出的一些教与学双方的问题及其成因,并积极寻求解决之道,提出了相应的提高试卷质量的几点设想与建议.     

一种基于参数辨识的微小型无人直升机建模方法

 针对具有高度非线性、复杂动力学特性的微小型无人直升机,提出了一种基于参数辨识的建模方法。该方法结合了机理建模和系统辨识的优点,通过严格的机理推导建立了微小型无人直升机横纵向通道通用的参数化模型,建模过程着重考虑了主旋翼、平衡杆和机身的耦合对飞行动态特性的影响。利用基于偏相干分析法的频域辨识获得某型无人直升机的关键参数,进而确定模型。模型预测数据和飞行试验数据的比较表明,所建模型很好地反映了该型无人直升机在悬停状态下的动态特性,可以在该状态下以此模型进行自主飞行控制器设计。     

Flight Flutter Modal Parameters Identification with Atmospheric Turbulence Excitation Based on Wavelet Transformation

针对基于大气紊流激励的飞机颤振试验数据具有信噪比低以及测量数据以加速度响应形式给出等特点,将小波变换与随机减量法相结合对飞机颤振模态参数进行识别,首先利用随机减量法获得结构在非零初始加速度条件下的自由衰减响应,然后对该自由衰减响应进行Morlet连续小波变换,为使变换简单,本文采用了Parseval定理和留数定理,利用Morlet的带通滤波特性,通过搜索小波变换系数在不同的尺度区域内的极大值,再根据小波变换系数的极大值、相角与固有振动频率及阻尼系数间的关系,即可识别出各模态参数。并对利用小波变换识别颤振模态参数时,实现模态解耦应满足的条件进行了分析研究。通过仿真和飞机颤振试验数据分析,验证了该识别方法不仅简单、有效和可行,而且具有较强的抗噪性。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

星载低噪声放大器噪声系数的高精度测试方法研究

噪声系数是低噪声放大器的关键指标,它决定了系统的噪声性能.然而现有的测量方法不能修正失配和噪声参数误差,只能给出基于源阻抗的噪声系数.为了提高低噪声放大器噪声系数的测量精度,文章基于矢网冷源噪声系数测试方法,给出优选的矢量噪声校准法,并提出5项重要技术措施以进一步提高低噪声放大器噪声系数的测量精度.相比Y因子法,矢网冷...     

椭圆内聚激波面间断化过程的激波动力学分析

针对椭圆内锥几何约束下激波的非均匀汇聚问题,利用高超声速等价原理,将三维定常椭圆内锥激波转化为二维非定常椭圆内收缩运动激波。根据激波动力学原理,发展出一种既能得到非定常激波面演变过程及参数分布,又能沿着激波面追踪扰动传播过程的“波面-扰动追踪法”。该方法不仅具有快速预测激波非均匀汇聚及其演变过程的特点,而且有助于揭示激波面从连续弯曲演变出间断的内在机理。研究表明：初始沿周向强度均匀,而几何形状偏离轴对称的椭圆内聚激波受到自身产生的非均匀“Shock-Compression”扰动,在向中心汇聚的过程中,激波强度非均匀性出现且不断加剧。由于长轴附近的激波面曲率大,激波强度增长得更快。而激波强度的非均匀性会导致扰动的聚集,使得原本连续光滑的激波面出现间断,进而将初始长、短轴附近的激波面分割为强、弱两对激波段。增大长短轴比,椭圆激波的非均匀性演化更快,激波面更早地出现间断。利用“波面-扰动追踪法”对椭圆激波汇聚过程进行分析,为解决三维定常内锥激波的非均匀汇聚问题提供了新的途径。     

基于分段高斯伪谱法的组合动力飞行器火箭挂飞轨迹规划

为解决受涡喷发动机技术水平限制,导致试验飞行器无法直接达到试验所需高度和马赫数的问题,采用可回收式助推火箭挂飞后分离的方法,基于分段式高斯伪谱法搭建弹道优化模型,结合引射火箭与飞行器特性设计试验窗口,设计了弹道优化模型的约束条件;以末端高度最高、速度最大及轨迹平滑作为单项性能指标,以其加权和作为总性能指标,通过改变单项...     

GNSS-IR双频数据融合的土壤湿度反演方法

目前全球导航卫星系统反射信号干涉测量（GNSS-IR）土壤湿度反演研究仅针对单一频点展开,提出用熵值法将2个频点数据进行融合以改进土壤湿度反演精度。首先,利用频谱分析法分别解析出各频点的信噪比（SNR）序列的振荡频率,计算出对应的等效天线高度,并利用最小二乘法求解各频点信噪比序列相位;然后,通过熵值法进行2个频点的相位观测量融合;最后,利用融合结果与实测土壤湿度建立经验模型,实现土壤湿度反演。利用地基观测实验获得的全球定位系统（GPS）L1和L2信噪比数据对该方法进行了验证,结果表明:L1和L2双频融合反演结果平均标准差为0.6%,比L1单频反演结果提高64.73%,比L2单频反演结果提高32.12%;均方根误差为0.37%,比L1频点降低72.8%,比L2频点降低73.4%。