基于系统分类和安全评估的无人机空域集成

无人机的空域集成,即无人机进入非隔离空域飞行与有人机共享空域,是未来发展的必然趋势,这也给空中交通管理带来了新的挑战.参照美国的空域集成计划,需要建立在空域详细分类的基础上,根据无人机的综合能力逐步实现无人机从单一空域到多空域,从隔离空域到非隔离空域的动态运行.而无人机的综合能力分类可以从体系划分和安全能力两个角度出发,综合衡量;其中,无人机体系基于自主能力和监管方式两个关键因素来划分.基于这种方法,分析可以初步确定一类无人机可以飞行的空域类型,以及跨越不同空域的方式,从而实现无人机空域集成.     

Integration of GPS and low cost INS for pedestrian navigation aided by building layout

In outdoor environments, GPS is often used for pedestrian navigation by utilizing its signals for position computation, but in indoor or semi-obstructed environments, GPS signals are often unavailable. Therefore, pedestrian navigation for these environments should be realized by the integration of GPS and inertial navigation system （INS）. However, the lowcost INS could induce errors that may result in a large position drift. The problem can be minimized by mounting the sensors on the pedestrian＇s foot, using zero velocity update （ZUPT） method with the standard navigation algorithm to restrict the error growth. However, heading drift still remains despite using ZUPT measurements since the heading error is unobservable. Also, tbot mounted INS suffers from the initialization ambiguity of position and heading from GPS. In this paper, a novel algorithm is developed to mitigate the heading drift problem when using ZUPT. The method uses building lay- out to aid the heading measurement in Kalman filter, and it could also be combined for the initial- ization. The algorithm has been investigated with real field trials using the low cost Microstrain 3DM-GX3-25 inertial sensor, a Leica GS10 GPS receiver and a uBlox EVK-6T GPS receiver. It could be concluded that the proposed method offers a significant improvement in position accuracy for the long period, allowing pedestrian navigation for nearly40 min with mean position error less than 2.8 m. This method also has a considerable effect on the accuracy of the initialization.     

Research on uncertainty in measurement assisted alignment in aircraft assembly

Operations in assembling and joining large size aircraft components are changed to novel digital and flexible ways by digital measurement assisted alignment.Positions and orientations（P＆O）of aligned components are critical characters which assure geometrical positions and relationships of those components.Therefore,evaluating the P＆O of a component is considered necessary and critical for ensuring accuracy in aircraft assembly.Uncertainty of position and orientation（U-P＆O）,as a part of the evaluating result of P＆O,needs to be given for ensuring the integrity and credibility of the result;furthermore,U-P＆O is necessary for error tracing and quality evaluating of measurement assisted aircraft assembly.However,current research mainly focuses on the process integration of measurement with assembly,and usually ignores the uncertainty of measured result and its influence on quality evaluation.This paper focuses on the expression,analysis,and application of U-P＆O in measurement assisted alignment.The geometrical and algebraical connotations of U-P＆O are presented.Then,an analytical algorithm for evaluating the multi-dimensional U-P＆O is given,and the effect factors and characteristics of U-P＆O are discussed.Finally,U-P＆O is used to evaluate alignment in aircraft assembly for quality evaluating and improving.Cases are introduced with the methodology.     

微机电系统引领航空技术新变革

微机电系统(MEMS)被认为是21世纪的一项“使能”技术,对航空工业的技术革新将产生重大影响.本文介绍了MEMS在航空领域的典型应用,包括微惯性测量系统、微型飞行器、微流控和灵巧蒙皮、集成光电器件、发动机智能控制等,并探讨了未来MEMS的发展趋势     

固液动力探空火箭箭载数据采集系统设计

针对固液动力探空火箭在进行测试、飞行试验时,需要实时测量并记录推力、燃料供给速率以及吹除系统工况信息的问题,设计并工程实现了对箭载重要设备输出信号进行监控和采集记录的数据采集系统.以STM32F103RB微控制器为核心,完成了数据采集、存储、传输等电路的设计,并在Real View MDK集成开发环境下,运用C语言完成了控制、测试程序的编写.最后,通过Real View ULINKR仿真器实现了软硬件的联合测试,验证了系统的供电控制、采样频率、工况记录等功能都满足设计要求,完成了对箭载重要设备监控和采集记录的任务.只需修改微控制器内的操控程序,就可将此数据采集系统应用于不同型号的固液动力探空火箭.      

先进的作动器技术研究

介绍了直接驱动式作动器、电静液作动器、集成电液作动器、机电作动器、光传灵巧作动器的原理、特点、应用等.     

中国“玉兔”俏月宫——月球车漫画

月球车也称月面巡视探测器,是一种能够在月球表面自动移动,完成探测、采样、运载等任务的高度集成的航天器,也可以描述为能适应月球环境,携带科学仪器在月面进行巡视探测的月球探测器,是在月球上完成零距离科学探测任务的重要平台。     

卫星可靠性工作集成平台构建方案与实施途径

卫星型号研制过程中的可靠性设计、分析工作是实现卫星高可靠、长寿命的重要保证,传统的工作模式导致各项可靠性工作的数据得不到共享,存在一定的弊端。本文在介绍本单位卫星可靠性工作集成平台的基础上,对平台的构建方案和实施途径进行了分析。     

便携式太阳电池特性参数获取系统

为了快速以及准确地获取太阳电池的特性参数（包括光生电流、反向饱和电流、二极管理想因子、串联电阻、并联电阻、短路电流、开路电压、最大输出功率、最佳工作电压、最佳工作电流和填充因子等11个参数）,研制了一套由太阳模拟器模块、控制及处理模块、电子负载模块、信号采集模块、按键模块和显示模块6个部分构成的测试系统.该系统的主要特点在于,依次采用程控恒流型和恒压型电子负载以及变频采样技术,实现太阳电池电流与电压信号高精度测量;集成太阳电池参数解析提取算法进入数字信号处理芯片,实现便携式提取电池光生电流等参数.对不同光强下单晶硅太阳电池的测量以及数据拟合,获取了11个特性参数;并得到拟合曲线中电流最大均方误差小于0.006 A,证实参数获取是正确的.