考虑质心漂移的载人月面着陆器自适应姿态跟踪控制

月面着陆器在下降着陆过程中质量变化大,质心漂移及其引起的姿态扰动问题突出。载人月面着陆任务对安全性可靠性要求高,如何提高姿态控制的精度和稳定度是着陆任务顺利实施的关键。文章提出采用反作用控制系统和推力矢量控制的联合姿态控制方案,设计了自适应姿态控制器及质心漂移自适应估计器,通过李雅普洛夫方法证明闭环姿态控制系统稳定,引入反作用控制和推力矢量控制的误差特性以检验控制器的鲁棒性。数值仿真结果表明该控制方案可行,所设计自适应姿态控制器能使姿态控制系统稳定,推力矢量控制侧摆能使推力指向跟踪质心,可为工程应用提供参考。     

直升机操纵参数和姿态参数的换算和修正

主要分析总结在平衡特性试飞中，直升机操纵位移与相关参数的换算关系，即得出总距操纵位移的换算关系、总距操纵响应的重量修正、航向操纵位移的换算关系、横向操纵位移和倾斜角的换算及修正、纵向操纵位移和俯仰角的换算及修正。     

用视象法确定飞机在夜间着陆时的位置和姿态

本文介绍了一种利用视象法确定飞机在夜间着陆时相对于跑道的位置、偏航秀及俯仰角的方法。计算中将由机场夜航灯布设方案所得到的信息、机载视频摄象机获取的视频图象以及由横滚角传感器测得的横滚角信息一起融汇到卡尔曼滤波算法中。模拟计算结果说明了所采用方案的可行性。     

矢量观测确定卫星姿态的预测粒子滤波算法

在矢量观测的基础上,针对单独的星敏感器定姿,提出了一种将粒子滤波(PF)和预测滤波相结合的姿态确定算法,通过设计粒子初始化,结合重要性采样、重采样和规则化等手段,成功地将姿态四元数作为状态粒子进行更新和传递,避免了状态方程的线性化和协方差矩阵的计算;利用预测滤波算法估计模型误差和姿态角速度,在保证滤波精度的同时,有效降低了粒子滤波器的维数.实验在某对地观测通用小卫星平台上进行,选取卫星自由飞行状态和飞轮控制对地稳定模式,分别对滤波器进行了仿真,实验结果验证了该算法对本质非线性、非高斯的卫星姿态估计问题具有快速的收敛性能和良好的稳定精度.该方法还为粒子滤波器的设计和无角速度敏感器测量的飞行器姿态确定提供了借鉴.     

基于宽带宽测量的姿态确定方法

针对由飞轮等星上高速旋转部件所引起的高频姿态和指向抖动,提出一种基于磁流体动力学特性的角位移敏感器用于星上高精度宽带宽的微振动测量,以弥补常规姿态测量系统测量频带低,动态范围有限的缺点.介绍以扩展姿态确定带宽为基础的高精度姿态确定方法.给出了以陀螺、星敏及ADS测量信息为基础的宽带宽的姿态确定方法及系统的模型,采用了卡尔曼滤波来确定卫星姿态.仿真分析结果表明存在高频姿态抖动的情况下,宽带宽的姿态确定方法的估计精度优于传统的姿态确定方法,由此验证了宽带宽的姿态确定方法的有效性及精确性.     

单片微机在控制模型姿态角中的应用

用廉价单片微机８０９８装置，控制多台大功率步进电机，实现模型姿态角的控制，并对如何利用软件来提高步进电机的运行频率，模型姿态角β、α和下转盘进行跟踪显示等有关技术进行了探讨。     

来自火星的闹剧

火星是太阳的第四颗行星，它的公转和自转姿态与地球差不多，它的公转轨道周期为687天，1年约合地球上的2年。它在天空中时而顺行，时而逆行。这颗被我们的祖先称为“萤惑”的红色星球确实给我们带来了许多疑惑。     

Multi-sensor control for precise assembly of optical components

In order to perform an optical assembly accurately, a multi-sensor control strategy is developed which includes an attitude measurement system, a vision system, a loss measurement system and a force sensor. A 3-DOF attitude measuring method using linear variable differential transformers （LVDT） is designed to adjust the relation of position and attitude between the spher- ical mirror and the resonator. A micro vision feedback system is set up to extract the light beam and the diaphragm, which can achieve the coarse positioning of the spherical mirror in the optical assembly process. A rapid self-correlation method is presented to analyze the spectrum signal for the fine positioning. In order to prevent the damage of the optical components and realize sealing of the resonator, a hybrid force-position control is constructed to control the contact force of the optical components. The experimental results show that the proposed multi-sensor control strategy succeeds in accomplishing the precise assembly of the optical components, which consists of parallel adjustment, macro coarse adjustment, macro approach, micro fine adjustment, micro approach and optical contact. Therefore, the results validate the multi-sensor control strategy.     

Finite-time sliding mode attitude control for a reentry vehicle with blended aerodynamic surfaces and a reaction control system

This paper proposes a finite-time robust flight controller, targeting for a reentry vehicle with blended aerodynamic surfaces and a reaction control system(RCS). Firstly, a novel finite-time attitude controller is pointed out with the introduction of a nonsingular finite-time sliding mode manifold. The attitude tracking errors are mathematically proved to converge to zero within finite time which can be estimated. In order to improve the performance, a second-order finite-time sliding mode controller is further developed to effectively alleviate chattering without any deterioration of robustness and accuracy. Moreover, an optimization control allocation algorithm, using linear programming and a pulse-width pulse-frequency(PWPF) modulator, is designed to allocate torque commands for all the aerodynamic surface deflections and on–off switching-states of RCS thrusters.Simulations are provided for the reentry vehicle considering uncertain parameters and external disturbances for practical purposes, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the attitude control system.     

基于视觉信息的无人机自主着陆过程姿态角简化计算方法

研究了一种基于地平面算法的无人机着陆过程中姿态角估算的改进方法。通过地面坐标系到摄像机坐标系的转换矩阵、机体坐标系到摄像机坐标系的变换矩阵、机体坐标系到地面坐标系的变换矩阵求解,确定无人机的姿态信息;利用无人机着陆过程中跑道的图像地平线和跑道数据等特征提取,在获取摄像机姿态角的基础上,计算无人机的滚转角和俯仰角,用跑道特征来估算无人机偏航角;通过矩阵变换解算出无人机的姿态角,并通过仿真进行了实验验证。该方法对摄像机的安装位置没有特殊的要求,解除了传统方法对摄像机安装位置的限制,简化了无人机姿态信息的求解方法。