PMI泡沫材料在航天器结构中 应用的可行性研究

文章通过试验研究了两个牌号的PMI泡沫材料的物理及力学性能,着重研究了它们的吸湿性能、压缩蠕变率及在热真空环境下的放气性能,并与航天器结构常用的铝蜂窝芯材作了相应比较。研究表明,优良的介电性能、低热导率、易于加工复杂外形、可设计性等特性使得PMI泡沫材料有望应用于航天器的多功能结构,变截面结构,杆、梁结构,天线结构等,而PMI泡沫材料采取一定的增强措施后也可作为航天器的承力结构。     

PMI 泡沫发泡过程中的分子结构转变

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫经两步制得:(1)通过本体聚合得到可发性甲基丙烯酸/丙烯腈共聚物板;(2)190℃发泡1h制得PMI泡沫.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、动态机械热分析(DMTA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析了热处理对共聚物结构的影响,并研究了发泡过程中的分子结构转变.结果表明共聚物在发泡过程中分子内生成六元酰亚胺环以及酸酐环:发泡剂分解产生的氨气亦参与反应,并使得酸酐环进一步转变为酰亚胺环;同时分子间生成交联结构;酰亚胺环中N-H键氢的化学位移δ为10.50.SEM照片表明所得泡沫为高闭孔率结构,泡孔结构完整,泡孔尺寸较均一.     

PMI泡沫发展现状及其在直升机上的应用

对PMI泡沫的制备工艺、性能特点以及国内外发展现状进行了简要综述,重点对其在直升机上的应用进行介绍,以期为材料研究人员和直升机复合材料结构选材用材提供帮助。     

EFFECT OF DEPOSITIONS CONDITION ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF C／C MINICOMPOSITE

C/C minicomposites were manufactured by CVI with propylene as resource gas and Ar as diluent gas. Effects of deposition temperature, the flow rate of propylene and total system pressure on theof C/C minicomposites were investigated. Deposition conditions are as follows: deposition temperature ranging from 870℃ to 1000℃. the flow rate of propylene from 10 to 60 ml/min, and total system pressure from 3 to 16kPa. The results revealed : The deposit distributes non-uniformly as increasing the deposition temperature or total system pressure. The effect of the flow rate of propylene on the distribution of deposit observes different principles at different deposition temperatures. If the deposition temperature rises to 900℃, the deposit distributes more non-uniformly as increasing the flow rate of propylene. The morphology of deposit varies with deposition condition, such as smooth, droplet-like or spike-like. Deposition mechanism varies with deposition condition. It can be surface reaction nucleation and growth, heterogeneous nucleation of liquid droplet on carbon fiber or gas-borne nuclei-growth. With the principle of nuclei-growth of crystal and the method of phenomenology, the changes of deposition mechanism and the morphology of pyrolytic carbon with deposition condition were explained successfully. The effect of deposition condition on deposit homogeneity stems from the effect of deposition condition on the CVI kinetics and the deposition mechanism of pyrolytic carbon.     

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫研制现状

综述了聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫的性能、制备和运用.PMI 泡沫耐高温、高比强度、高比模量、具有很宽的高频稳定性、100%闭孔,非常适合于制备泡沫夹心结构.配方技术、分子结构控制技术是 PMI泡沫制备的关键技术.泡沫配方与主原料(甲基丙烯睛和甲基丙烯酸)、引发剂、发泡剂、交联剂、阻燃剂和其他添加剂有关,其种类和用量需要通过试验仔细选择.阐述了反应原理.二步法工艺即低温预聚合和高温发泡,适合于PMI泡沫的制备.预期了未来的发展方向.