某小型无人机中长波辐射特性测量及辐射强度反演

随着“自杀式”无人机集群的饱和式攻击在战场上发挥巨大威力,如何有效拦截是各国近年来研究的重要方向,而红外探测是最热门也是最高效的探测拦截手段之一。为此,开展某典型无人机目标中长波红外探测试验,获取典型某无人机目标辐射特性数据,完成中长波红外辐射强度反演。同时,考虑环境变化对红外探测的影响,为使用红外探测手段完成无人机目标拦截提供实测效果演示。本文研究结果可作为论证中长波对无人机目标探测差异的依据,以支撑探测体制的选择。     

活塞式发动机排气喷管断裂故障分析

对某型无人机活塞式发动机发生断裂故障的排气喷管进行了现场检查、断口分析及静力学分析,表明焊接质量不合格是导致故障发生的主要原因;提出了增加焊接点数、加大熔核尺寸、加强无损检测等排故措施。     

面向多威胁的无人机智能目标跟随策略设计

随着无人机(UAV)一体化作战的不断发展,无人机在搜索到运动目标之后,需要立即转入跟随模式,考虑到战场环境的复杂性,研究了在多个威胁源条件下无人机跟随运动目标的问题,为了保证无人机的安全性以及跟随目标的精确性,提出了一种基于决策树的无人机智能目标跟随策略。首先对威胁概率图(TPM)进行建模;然后采用几何图法及任务优先级生成不同的规则,建立相应的决策树,并设计了不同规则下无人机飞行航向及速度指令;最后通过仿真验证所提出的智能目标跟随策略的有效性。      

The Origin of Mercury

Mercury’s unusually high mean density has always been attributed to special circumstances that occurred during the formation of the planet or shortly thereafter, and due to the planet’s close proximity to the Sun. The nature of these special circumstances is still being debated and several scenarios, all proposed more than 20 years ago, have been suggested. In all scenarios, the high mean density is the result of severe fractionation occurring between silicates and iron. It is the origin of this fractionation that is at the centre of the debate: is it due to differences in condensation temperature and/or in material characteristics (e.g. density, strength)? Is it because of mantle evaporation due to the close proximity to the Sun? Or is it due to the blasting off of the mantle during a giant impact? In this paper we investigate, in some detail, the fractionation induced by a giant impact on a proto-Mercury having roughly chondritic elemental abundances. We have extended the previous work on this hypothesis in two significant directions. First, we have considerably increased the resolution of the simulation of the collision itself. Second, we have addressed the fate of the ejecta following the impact by computing the expected reaccretion timescale and comparing it to the removal timescale from gravitational interactions with other planets (essentially Venus) and the Poynting–Robertson effect. To compute the latter, we have determined the expected size distribution of the condensates formed during the cooling of the expanding vapor cloud generated by the impact. We find that, even though some ejected material will be reaccreted, the removal of the mantle of proto-Mercury following a giant impact can indeed lead to the required long-term fractionation between silicates and iron and therefore account for the anomalously high mean density of the planet. Detailed coupled dynamical–chemical modeling of this formation mechanism should be carried out in such a way as to allow explicit testing of the giant impact hypothesis by forthcoming space missions (e.g. MESSENGER and BepiColombo).     

Reconstructed 3-d magnetic field structure and hard X-ray two ribbons for 2000 Bastille-day event

The Bastille-day event in 2000 produced energetic 3B/X5.6 flare with a halo CME, which had great geo-effects consequently. This event has been studied extensively and it is considered that it follows the two-ribbon flare model. The flare/CME event was triggered by an erupting filament and TRACE observations showed formation of giant arcade structures during the flare process. Hard X-ray (HXR) two ribbons revealed for the first time in this flare event (Masuda et al., 2001). The reconstruction of 3-D coronal magnetic fields revealed a magnetic flux rope structure, for the first time, from extrapolation of observed photospheric vector magnetogram data and the flux rope structure was co-spatial with portion of the filament and a UV bright lane (Yan et al., 2001a, 2001b). Here we review some recent work related to the flux rope structure and the HXR two ribbons by comparing their locations and the flux temporal profiles during the flare process so as to understand the energy release and particle accelerations. It is proposed that the rope instability may have triggered the flare event, and reconnection may occur during this process. The drifting pulsation structure in the decimetric frequency range is considered to manifest the rope ejection, or the initial phase of the coronal mass ejection. The HXR two ribbons were distributed along the flux rope and the rope foot points coincide with HXR sources. The energy dissipation from IPS observations occurred within about 100 R _⋅ is consistent with the estimate for the flux rope system. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The double-pulsar binary J0737–3039

A recent multibeam pulsar survey of the outer Galactic plane at Parkes has discovered the first-known double-pulsar binary, a very compact double neutron star system in which both stars are observable as radio pulsars. In this review, we briefly describe the discovery and the studies which have been enabled by the unique properties of the system. These range from the most precise confirmation yet of the theory of general relativity, with the possibility of even more new tests and the measurement of second-order post-Newtonian effects, to studies of the magnetospheres and emission properties of the two pulsars. The discovery also results in a significant increase in the expected rate of occurrence of the mergers of double neutron star systems, and hence the rate of detection of such events by the new ground-based gravitational wave detectors.     

自适应引导长度的无人机航迹跟踪方法

为保证无人机安全稳定的飞行,实现高精度的航迹跟踪,基于引导点的非线性制导算法,提出了一种引导长度自适应的航迹跟踪方法。首先建立无人机运动学模型,依此对非线性的制导算法进行理论分析与试验验证,建立无人机飞行速度与引导长度之间的关系。之后引出引导长度自适应的航迹跟踪方法,详细讨论方法的具体实现过程。最后通过各种情况下的仿真对比试验,验证所提出方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能较精确地跟踪各种复杂航迹,同时在较大的初始偏差和航路点临时切换的情况下能稳定、快速地收敛到期望航迹,更好地满足各种实际飞行任务的需求。     

变体无人机动力学模型及切换控制研究

针对能够在飞行过程中进行结构变形的变体无人机,考虑由变形引起的气动力与力矩,惯性力与力矩的非线性变化,建立其在质点系假设条件下的多体动力学模型。根据切换系统理论,将变体无人机视为一类线性切换系统,选择设计点,采用极点配置方法针对各设计点处的线性子系统设计控制器,再制定以变形量为决策变量的控制切换方案,构成切换控制系统。通过建立公共Lyapunov函数,推导了能够保证闭环切换系统在结构变形过程中一致有界的充分条件。以变体无人机Fire-Bee为例,验证了方案的有效性,仿真结果表明闭环系统无论在固定结构下还是变形过程中都具有良好的动态特性。     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的无人机航迹规划

航迹规划技术是无人机任务规划系统中重要的核心技术之一,无人机飞行空间广阔,需要一种快速搜索最佳路径的方法.首先在飞行区域中建立数字地图模型和防空威胁区模型,在满足无人机飞行约束条件的情况下,为无人机航迹规划提供一种遗传模拟退火算法,充分利用模拟退化算法的概率突跳特性和遗传算法强大的快速搜索能力.仿真结果表明,使用该算法无人机能够自动避开模拟数字地图的威胁区,搜索出一条安全有效航迹,并保证航线的完整性和最优性.     

无人机载多传感器图像融合评述

为了能为作战指挥系统提供清晰的局部战场信息,提高对局部战场低可观测目标的检测概率、定位精度及识别概率,迫切需要对无人机载SAR、可见光传感器、红外探测器等图像信息及其他非图像信息融合处理。提出了无人机载多传感器图像融合技术需要研究的内容,如: 图像融合新方法研究;无人机载SAR图像的非平稳性处理;基于图像融合目标检测和处理技术; 无人机载图像和非图像信息的融合问题;无人机载多传感器图像融合的实现及评估;多无人机载合成孔径雷达的协同成像;用图像融合的方法实现对运动目标检测等。分析了所提出研究内容的可行性,剖析了其中的关键技术,拟定了可能的技术路线。