空间光学精密展开机构展开方法的初步探讨

文章对空间光学精密展开机构(以下简称展开机构)进行分类,分析了几种典型可展开空间光学系统的展开方法和特点。讨论了展开机构设计需要考虑的主要因素,并给出设计建议。     

钛合金近β锻造研究

 提出钛合金塑性变形中一种新的热加工方法——钛合金近β锻造。试验和生产实践表明,它能在不影响合金塑性、不降低热稳定性的条件下,显著地提高合金的高温性能、低周疲劳性能和断裂韧性、使钛锻件具有最好的塑性、热强性和断裂韧性的综合。新工艺适用于（α+β）型合金,可应用于α型和近α型合金。     

喷射沉积制备Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金大型坯组织性能的研究

利用Ospray公司的喷射沉积设备制备了Al11.3Zn2.4Mg1.1Cu合金,合金挤压成棒材后,经过固溶和时效处理,用万能材料实验机对其进行了力学性能测试,合金的抗拉强度为849 MPa、屈服强度为796 MPa,延伸率为3.3%.透射电镜和扫描电镜对拉伸试样微观组织的研究结果表明,合金微观组织中包括微米级晶粒和纳米级晶粒,合金的强化方式为纳米晶强化、固溶强化以及沉淀强化,拉伸试样的断口分析表明,合金的断裂方式主要为沿晶断裂.     

TC4钛合金紧固件孔E-I强化研究

 介绍TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)钛合金螺栓孔无衬套冷胀孔干涉配合综合强化的研究结果。实验证明,在给定的条件下,冷胀孔强化的TC4板状空孔试件的疲劳寿命增益系数(LIF)为13,干涉配合螺栓连接的LIF=3,而E-l强化件的疲劳寿命比单纯干涉配合又有成倍提高。电镜断口分析表明TC4合金强化件的疲劳裂纹的形成和扩展与LY12CZ及30CrMnSiA相似,它们不表现为典型的角裂纹,即沿板平面和厚向扩展速率有明显差异。对于TC4合金,在改善疲劳品质上,带衬套冷胀孔强化比无衬套冷胀孔强化好得多。     

大型转动机械碰摩故障分析的声发射检测系统

汽轮发电机、空气压缩机等采用油膜支撑的大型转动机械,由于安装或运行中的原因,在转子旋转过程中,可能和器壁发生轻微的摩擦和碰击,简称碰摩.声发射技术在碰摩发生特别是故障早期诊断上有优越性.本系统的特点是没有沿用传统的计数、幅度、能量和持续时间等声发射特性参数,而是在声发射包络信号的频率分析中进行特征提取.声发射发生的过程分析和现场试验都表明这种方法对碰摩检测很敏感,在碰摩发生的起始阶段,包络谱中与转速同步的周期性分量显著增加.根据这种新的设计思想自行研制了BUAA碰摩声发射检测仪并对此作了介绍.     

Spectra and time variability of black-hole binaries in the low/hard state

We propose a jet model for the low/hard state of galactic black-hole X-ray sources which explains the energy spectra from radio to X-rays and a number of timing properties in the X-ray domain such as the time lag spectra, the hardening of the power density spectra and the narrowing of the autocorrelation function with increasing photon energy. The model assumes that (i) there is a magnetic field along the axis of the jet, (ii) the electron density in the jet drops inversely proportional to distance, (iii) the jet is “hotter” near its center than at its periphery, and (iv) the electrons in the jet follow a power-law distribution function. We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of Compton upscattering of soft photons from the accretion disk and have found power-law high-energy spectra with photon-number index in the range 1.5–2 and cutoff at a few hundred keV, power-law time lags versus Fourier frequency with index 0.8, and an increase of the rms amplitude of variability and a narrowing of the autocorrelation function with increasing photon energy as they have been observed in Cygnus X-1. The spectrum at long wavelengths (radio, infrared, optical) is modeled to come from synchrotron radiation of the energetic electrons in the jet. We find flat to inverted radio spectra that extend from the radio up to about the optical band. For magnetic field strengths of the order 10⁵–10⁶ G at the base of the jet, the calculated spectra agree well in slope and flux with the observations.     

Modeling the broadband persistent emission of magnetars

In this paper, we discuss our first attempts to model the broadband persistent emission of magnetars within a self-consistent, physical scenario. We present the predictions of a synthetic model that we calculated with a new Monte Carlo 3D radiative code. The basic idea is that soft thermal photons (e.g. emitted by the star surface) can experience resonant cyclotron upscattering by a population of relativistic electrons treated in the twisted magnetosphere. Our code is specifically tailored to work in the ultra-magnetized regime; polarization and QED effects are consistently accounted for, as well different configurations for the magnetosphere. We discuss the predicted spectral properties in the 0.1–1000 keV range, the polarization properties, and we present the model application to a sample of magnetars soft X-ray spectra.     

The beaming of external Compton emission

We consider a relativistically moving blob consisting of an isotropic electron distribution that Compton-scatters photons from an external isotropic radiation field. We compute the resulting beaming pattern, i.e. the distribution of the scattered photons, in the blob frame as well as in the observer’s frame by using the full Klein–Nishina cross section and the exact incident photon distribution. In the Thomson regime the comparison of our approach with Dermer (1995) results in concurrent characteristics but different absolute number of the scattered photons by a factor of f_corr = 3.09. Additionally, our calculation yields a slightly lower boost factor which varies the more from the corresponding value in Dermer (1995) the higher the spectral index p of the electron distribution gets.     

镁合金新材料及制备加工新技术发展与应用

镁合金是国际公认的最有潜力的轻量化材料之一,被誉为"21世纪绿色工程金属",其突出的结构减重效果有望解决我国关键装备和重大工程中迫切的轻量化问题.本文综述了近年来镁合金新材料的发展、镁合金制备加工新技术进展以及镁合金的应用发展现状,对当前镁合金领域存在的缺点进行了总结,并对镁合金未来发展重点及主要任务进行了展望.     

Z-pins增强陶瓷基复合材料层间Ⅰ型开裂性能预测

基于Z-pins增强陶瓷基复合材料层间Ⅰ型断裂韧性的试验结果、Z-pins增强机理,提出了Z-pins拔出的单线性软化模型.重点考虑了Z-pins直径范围内拔出位移的不一致性,在简单双悬臂梁（DCB）理论的基础上,获得了Z-pins增强陶瓷基复合材料层间Ⅰ型开裂性能的分析预测模型,预测结果与试验结果吻合较好.在此基础上,采用预测模型获得了不同Z-pins直径、裂纹长度下的裂尖能量释放率,并与理想弹簧元法进行了比较.结果表明:当裂尖靠近Z-pins时,随着Z-pins直径增大,两种方法所得的裂尖能释放率的差异逐渐增大,但总体来说差异的量级很小;随着裂纹长度的增加,裂尖逐渐远离Z-pins,两种方法所得的裂尖能释放率的存在较大的差异,不能忽略Z-pins直径范围内拔出位移不一的影响.