加气喷嘴气体注入形式对雾化性能的影响

本文用马尔文粒度分析仪测量喷雾的平均液滴尺寸及液滴尺寸分布,研究了气体注入形式对喷雾特性的影响.喷嘴压降为34.5～690kPa,喷嘴气液比为0.002～0.023.试验中使用了两种气体注入形式:一种是直径6.3mm的单孔,另一种是20个直径0.5mm的小孔.它们与三种不同孔径的喷孔配合使用.其孔径分别为0.8,1.6和2.4mm.研究结果表明,雾化质量主要取决于喷嘴压降和气液比,而对气体注入形式和喷孔直径不敏感.测量液体流量看出,此类喷嘴的流量系数很小.雾化液体中含有固体颗粒或其它易堵塞小孔或喷嘴通道的有害物时,使用这种喷嘴将会显示出它的优点.     

Numerical simulations of water spray on flame deflector during the four-engine rocket launching

This paper aims to study on the cooling effect with two types of water spray nozzle on the flame deflector during the four-engine launch vehicle take-off. To accurately simulate the two-phase flow of the rocket gas with multispecies and the water spray, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, discrete ordinates methods and realizable k-Ɛ turbulence model are used to establish the rocket supersonic plumes impact model. The Eulerian dispersed phase (EDP) model was used to simulate the water spray into the exhaust gas. The accuracy and effectiveness of the gas-liquid flow model are verified by a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. On this basis, a series of numerical simulation studies under different water injection position are performed. The results show that the high temperature regions, along the axis of engines on the deflector plate, have no significant temperature decreasing effect by water spray from the nozzles mounted on the apex of the deflector, and the high temperature converts a large quantity of water into vapor near the plume boundary, which would decrease the flow conductivity. With the cooling spray nozzle fixed directly to the deflector plate, the temperature decrease effect is obvious and the effect of thermal shock on deflector plate induced by exhaust plume is reduced, so that it can prevent the flame deflector from thermal ablation. The study results provide indepth information and engineering guidance for designing the water spray systems and increasing the safety of the launch process.     

自制等离子喷枪冷却系统的设计及测试

等离子喷枪是制备热障涂层中的研究重点。目前关于等离子喷枪的研究多集中于喷嘴(阳极)、阴极,鲜有关于喷枪冷却系统方面的研究;喷枪冷却系统的优劣直接影响喷枪的工作寿命和喷涂过程的稳定性,同时制备热障涂层的质量也与冷却效果紧密相关。本文利用三维模型,详细阐述了自制的喷枪冷却系统通道及工作原理,并对设计进行了理论计算,对自制的喷枪进行点火试验和喷涂测试,结果显示自制的喷枪冷却系统功能良好,喷枪工作稳定,涂层质量较好。     

屈折形态学视角下的日语动词谓语的声调变化

在日语声调研究领域中,从屈折形态学的角度揭示日语动词谓语的声调变化规律,是一个崭新的声调研究视角。基于此,通过屈折形态学的研究方法,主要探讨了日语动词谓语发生形态变化时所引发的声调核移位现象以及其主要特征。日语动词谓语发生屈折形态变化时,随着语素的增加,声调核的位置也发生复杂的变化。如果从屈折形态学的视角分析日语动词谓语的声调变化,就能进一步挖掘声调变化的内在规律。     

基于ALE法的水陆两栖飞机船体着水性能分析

水陆两栖飞机的着水性能是体现其综合性能的重要因素之一.应用ALE法对三种水陆两栖飞机船体截面进行入水仿真计算,从着水载荷、喷溅性能及运动响应三个方面对着水性能进行综合评估.对比分析了直线型、带舭弯弧形、复合型三种构型截面在不同速度、不同重量下的压力分布、喷溅性能以及运动响应,得到了三种截面横向压力分布规律.计算结果显示相同状态下,喷溅性能复合型优于带舭弯弧形、带舭弯弧形优于直线型;过载复合型远大于带舭弯弧形,带舭弯弧形稍大于直线型,综合看来带舭弯弧形截面着水性能最佳.     

平板式预膜喷嘴初次雾化特性试验

为深入了解平板式预膜喷嘴初次雾化特性,试验研究不同进口条件对平板式预膜喷嘴初次雾化特性的影响规律。试验采用了背光照明和片状激光照明相结合的高频拍摄手段分别获得液膜俯视和侧视破碎形态,同时运用本征正交分解(POD)法和液膜边缘定位等分析方法进行光学图像结果后处理,获得表征平板式预膜喷嘴初次雾化特性三个物理量:液膜波动频率、破碎距离和横向不稳定波长。试验结果表明:①通过分析侧视和俯视破碎形态,平板式预膜喷嘴液膜破碎形态可分为三类:末端破碎、波浪脱落和表面剥离,进口韦伯数对预膜喷嘴破碎形态的影响占主导地位;②把POD法和液膜边缘定位方法等相结合方法应用到高频非接触光学喷嘴雾化图像的后处理分析中,是一种非常有效的数据后处理方法;③液膜初次雾化特性主要受到进口韦伯数和气液动量比的影响,破碎距离和横向不稳定波长都随进口韦伯数的增加而降低,液膜表面不稳定波动频率随进口韦伯数的增加而增加,所获得的经验关系式与试验数据吻合较好。所获得的进口参数对液膜破碎形态和雾化特性的影响规律为喷嘴后续优化设计提供了依据。     

Corrosion mechanism investigation of TiN/Ti coating and TC4 alloy for aircraft compressor application

It is imperative to develop multifunctional erosion and corrosion resistant coatings for compressor blades of aircraft engines in harsh environment. PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) technology has the advances in processing erosion-resistant coatings; however, the performance of PVD coatings to combat corrosion depends on various coating defects. Determining and comparing the corrosion performances of PVD TiN/Ti coating and uncoated TC4 alloy was the main objective of present work. The 960 h salt spray corrosion and 116 h hot corrosion tests were conducted to simulate the grounding and working environments of the aircraft compressors. The corrosion mechanisms due to the coating defects such as pinhole, columnar boundary and large grain were analyzed based on the OM, Confocal microscope, electrochemical measurements, SEM, XRD and EDS results. Owing to the disordered state associated with the columnar boundary and the coating defect, nitrogen could be easily replaced by oxygen in the hot corrosion process, these structures were channels for fast diffusion of oxygen. Moreover, the Gibbs energy changes of Ti oxidation and TiN oxidation were thermodynamically calculated according to the working condition of aircraft compressors, and considerable research effort was focused on mapping out the phase diagram of Ti, TiN and high pressure gases. The findings of this research can provide insights into developing multifunctional coatings for future aircraft engines.     

离子液体电喷推力器的关键技术及展望

首先介绍离子液体电喷推力器的工作原理和分类,通过与其他相同推力量级的电推力器对比进一步分析了其特点,然后总结了离子液体电喷推力器的国内外研究现状,在此基础上重点梳理了微尺度下带电粒子的产生与加速、微细制造与精密装配、推进剂贮存和供给、高升压比微功率电源处理单元以及比冲和推力测试等离子液体电喷推力器研制过程中涉及的关键技术,最后展望了小型化、模块化与推力密度提升的发展趋势并提出离子液体电喷推力器的发展构想。     

胶质微推进液滴加速过程的数值模拟

采用拉格朗日粒子跟踪法计算液滴的运动轨迹,对胶质推进器中带电液滴在加速区的运动过程进行了数值模拟,获得液滴速度和密度的空间分布。使用两种溶剂(TBP3,甲酰胺)作为推进剂,分析了电压、流量变化对喷雾扩散角、液滴轴向速度及对推进器性能的影响。模拟结果表明,随着电压的增加,液滴轴向速度增大,喷雾扩散角减小;随着流量的增大,液滴轴向速度和喷雾扩散角均减小;使用甲酰胺推进剂比使用TP3推进剂得到更高的推力和比冲;模拟得到的推进器性能能良好符合实验结果。     

喷射成形高速钢沉积坯性能分析

研究了喷射成形高速钢T15沉积坯的部分力学性能及微观组织.结果表明,喷射成形制备的高速钢,晶粒细小,无宏观偏析,平均体密度为8.208g/cm3,三点抗弯强度达到1860 MPa.但通过SEM观察发现沉积坯内存在局部显微疏松,为了进一步提高材料性能,需要对高速钢沉积坯做热等静压等后续热加工.