FY-2气象卫星在轨管理工程测控关键技术(上)

介绍了风云二号(FY—2)地球静止轨道自旋气象卫星工程测控的关键技术。分析了位置保持、姿态确定、星蚀和日凌的原理，给出了位置保持、姿态控制策略和地影、月影、日凌预报算法。并提出了一种检验定姿结果正确性的方法，提供了相应的工程计算参数。这些策略都已成功地用于FY—2卫星的在轨管理工程测控。     

影子工资理论的发展与应用

影子工资是为实现一定的经济发展目标而人为确定的,比名义工资或实际工资更能准确地反映劳动力资源的真实价值,并能促进其合理流动与利用的经济价格。它不仅能合理地反映劳动力价值,而且还能反映社会消耗、劳动力市场的供求关系和劳动力资源的稀缺或过剩程度,有利于资源的优化配置。影子工资理论的发展经历了线性规划对偶法、市场均衡价格理论及其拓展、按贸易货物口岸价调节的国际市场价格理论等阶段。国际通用的影子工资测算方法有UNIDO法、L-M法、S-V-T法和阿拉伯法,等等。     

甲烷-空气的二次爆炸流场实验研究

为了揭示二次爆炸的产生机制及其影响因素,采用带导管的柱形泄爆装置对向空气中泄爆的过程进行了实验。实验获得了在不同泄爆条件下清晰的时序阴影照片和外流场测点的压力历程。根据实验结果分析了二次爆炸的产生条件,并详细讨论了二次爆炸影响因素在不同泄爆条件的变化,从而分析和解释了二次爆炸强度在相应泄爆条件下的变化规律。     

面向北斗短报文的在轨卫星健康监控体系

针对我国在轨卫星数量迅猛增长、健康状态复杂各异、测控管理难度日趋增大的态势,提出了面向北斗短报文的在轨卫星健康监控体系。分析了北斗短报文的应用现状,构建了“用户→北斗卫星→在轨卫星”前反向数据流向。考虑到北斗短报文的容量限制,优化设计了测控数据传输格式和内容;针对北斗短报文单向传输特性,探讨了可靠通信技术;针对星座大规模安全传递分发数据需求,研究了通用掩码技术。以北斗三号系统为对象,仿真计算了在轨卫星前反向数据时间特性。结果表明:基于北斗短报文的在轨卫星健康监控技术,可以为提高在轨卫星科学使用和寿命的精细化管理提供参考。     

Effects of in-track maneuver on Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits

By developing approximate analytical models considering the J₂ perturbation, the effects of an in-track maneuver on the orbital Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits are analyzed. First, two approximate models for the variations in orbital sunshine angles are developed, one for variations at a given time and the other for variations at a given argument of latitude. Next, two approximate models for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow are developed, one considers the small eccentricity and the other uses the zero eccentricity. Finally, the developed approximate models are applied to analyzing the Sun illumination conditions of a typical in-track maneuver mission on a near-circular low Earth orbit. From the results obtained, three major conclusions can be drawn. First, the variations in orbital sunshine angles at a given time may reach tens of degrees when the drifting time reaches hundreds of orbital periods, and the approximate model for that situation cannot effectively approach the numerical results. Second, the variations in orbital sunshine angles for any given argument of latitude are only a couple of degrees even when the drifting time reaches 500 orbital periods, and the approximation model developed can effectively approach the numerical results. Third, for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow, the approximate model considering the small eccentricity has simple expressions and can effectively approach the numerical results; in contrast, the approximate model using the zero eccentricity has relatively worse precision.     

基于SVR及阴影信息的SAR目标方位角估计

目标成像方位估计是合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）自动目标识别中一个重要的预处理过程。提出一种基于支持向量回归机（support vector machine for regression,SVR）并结合SAR目标阴影信息的方位角估计方法。首先通过长直边拟合法与脊波变换法对目标图像进行方位的粗估计．再由SVR完成精确估计。利用“运动与静止目标的获取与识别”（moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition, MSTAR）项目组提供的实测数据所做实验表明,此方法可以有效估计SAR目标方位角,精度高、泛化能力强．特别是在水平成像方位附近利用了目标的阴影信息,明显提高了相应区间的方位角估计精度。     

Semi-analytical investigations of high area-to-mass ratio geosynchronous space debris including Earth’s shadowing effects

This paper investigates the long-term perturbations of the orbits of geosynchronous space debris influenced by direct radiation pressure including the Earth’s shadowing effects. For this purpose, we propose an extension of our homemade semi-analytical theory [Valk, S., Lemaître, A., Deleflie, F. Semi-analytical theory of mean orbital motion for geosynchronous space debris under gravitational influence. Adv. Space Res., submitted for publication], based on the method developed by Aksnes [Aksnes, K. Short-period and long-period perturbations of a spherical satellite due to direct solar radiation. Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. 13, 89–104, 1976] and generalized into a more convenient non-singular formalism. The perturbations accounting for the direct radiation pressure with the Earth’s shadow are computed on a revolution-by-revolution basis, retaining the original osculating Hamiltonian disturbing function. In this framework, we compute the non-singular mean longitude at shadow entry and shadow exit at every orbital revolution in opposition to classical approaches where the singular eccentric anomalies at shadow entry and shadow exit are computed. This new algorithm is developed using non-singular variables. Consequently, it is particularly suitable for both near-circular and near-equatorial orbits as well as orbits which transit periodically around null eccentricities and null inclinations.The algorithm is tested by means of numerical integrations of the equations, averaged over the short periods, including radiation pressure, J₂, the combined Moon and Sun third body attraction as well as the long-term effects of the 1:1 resonance occurring for geosynchronous objects. As an extension of [Valk, S., Lemaître, A., Anselmo, L. Analytical and semi-analytical investigations of geosynchronous space debris with high area-to-mass ratios influenced by solar radiation pressure. Adv. Space Res., doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.10.025, 2007b], we especially apply our analysis to space debris with area-to-mass as high as 20 m²/kg. This paper provides numerical and semi-analytical investigations leading to a deep understanding of the long-term evolution of the semi-major axis. Finally, these semi-analytical investigations are compared with accurate numerical integrations of the osculating equations of motion over time scales as high as 25 years.     

空间交会对接中太阳光照窗口的研究

在空间交会对接过程中，光学测量装置对目标航天器的观测将直接受太阳光照反射强度的影响，空间交会对接必须在满足太阳光照条件的前提下进行，从正常交会对接和异常交会对接两个方面，详细分析了满足目标航天器光照条件的光照弧段和光照窗口问题，并且简要地讨论了地影区对光照弧段和光照窗口的影响，最后通过一个仿真算例，具体说明了光照条件及地影区对交会对接的约束。     

一种基于ECN概率标记的流量控制算法

提出了一种基于用户效用函数的网络流量模型,把网络拥塞控制问题转化为求解网络流量模型的最优化问题,并且给出了求最优解的对偶梯度投影算法.算法的核心思想是:源选择传输速率使得它的网络利益最大,而链路调整拥塞价格来适应源的决定.为了在IP网络中实现此算法,在路由器中以概率标记显式拥塞指示ECN(Explicit Congestion Notification)中的拥塞预警CE(Congestion Experienced)比特来传输网络拥塞信息,使用IP分组头中的生命域TTL(Time-To-Live)估计分组传输路径中链路的位置信息.通过计算机模拟验证了算法的收敛性和准确性.      

基于曲面特征的截断线掩膜解相技术的研究

在条纹投射测量方法中,由于三角测量法固有的特点,将有效测量区域从含有背景、阴影、表面不连续等区域的条纹图中分辨出来,完成相位去包裹计算,是一个实际测量中的难点之一。本文借鉴图像分割的原理,对调制度分布图进行分析,提出一种基于调制度自动分割的物体轮廓有效测量区域自动识别方法,实验结果表明,该方法能够实现阈值的最佳选取,自动识别物体轮廓有效测量区域,并根据变形图与极点的关系,提出由A trous algorithm of wavelet transform(多孔小波算法)来检测曲面变形的奇异点,通过奇异点辅助来连接截断线,从而实现快速有效地解相并提高三维测量的精度。