轴对称湍流射流的相似解

本文在相似性条件下,得到了用k-ε模式的轴对称湍流射流的相似方程。利用动量相似方程的近似求解结果作为初值,同时引入变量变换,进行迭代求解。本文的方法收敛速度快,计算简便。     

A survey of radio jets with Chandra and HST

Relativistic jets are a common property of radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Understanding jet physical properties is an essential precursor to understanding the mechanisms of energy transport, and ultimately, how energy is extracted from the central black hole. In this paper, I highlight recent developments from Chandra and HST observations of kpc-scale jets in AGN, with particular emphasis on our survey of 17 radio jets in a sample of FRII radio galaxies. These observations show that (1) X-ray and optical emission is common from kpc-scale jets, (2) a large fraction of the bolometric luminosity is emitted at X-rays, and (3) in most sources, a candidate emission process for the X-rays is inverse Compton scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background off the relativistic electrons in the jet. If the latter scenario holds, the implication is that jets are still relativistic on kpc scales.     

Study of the variability of blazars gamma-ray emission

The γ-ray emission of blazar jets shows a pronounced variability and this feature provides limits to the size and to the speed of the emitting region. We study the γ-ray variability of bright blazars using data from the first 18 months of activity of the Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. From the daily light-curves of the blazars characterized by a remarkable activity, we firstly determine the minimum variability time-scale, giving an upper limit for the size of the emitting region of the sources, assumed to be spheroidal blobs in relativistic motion. These regions must be smaller than ∼10⁻³ parsec. Another interesting time-scale is the duration of the outbursts. We conclude that they cannot correspond to radiation produced by a single blob moving relativistically along the jet, but they are either the signature of emission from a standing shock extracting energy from a modulated jet, or the superposition of a number of flares occurring on a shorter time-scale. We also derive lower limits on the bulk Lorentz factor needed to make the emitting region transparent for gamma-rays interacting through photon–photon collisions.     

Relativistic MHD Simulations of Jets with Toroidal Magnetic Fields

This paper presents an application of the recent relativistic HLLC approximate Riemann solver by Mignone & Bodo to magnetized flows with vanishing normal component of the magnetic field. The numerical scheme is validated in two dimensions by investigating the propagation of axisymmetric jets with toroidal magnetic fields. The selected jet models show that the HLLC solver yields sharper resolution of contact and shear waves and better convergence properties over the traditional HLL approach.     

横向互击型层板喷注器的喷雾特性

利用激光粒子动态分析仪 (PDA)对 180°互击型层板式喷注器的喷雾特性进行了试验研究 ,测量了喷雾典型区域的液滴速度、直径、体积通量密度等参数。分析了喷注器的雾化过程和喷雾特点 ,同时重点研究了喷口槽宽、推进剂流道面积比以及推进剂喷注速度比等参数对喷雾特性的影响。试验结果表明 :喷雾沿喷口展向可分为三个明显区域 ,中间区域流量较小但雾化较细 ,从槽两端喷出的液雾流量较大但液滴尺寸较大。对于一定的流道截面比γd 和喷注速度比γv,存在一个最佳的喷嘴槽宽w使雾化质量最优。同时 ,在喷嘴槽宽合适时 ,流道截面比γd 和喷注速度比γv 的适当增大有利于改善雾化     

一种40°撞击角双股自击式喷嘴试验

研究了一种 4 0°撞击角双股自击式喷嘴冷流特性和热试验流量系数。冷流试验以常温水为介质 ,用激光散射测粒仪和探针研究了该喷嘴的雾化质量和流强分布。在 1 35MPa～ 1 75MPa的喷嘴压降下该喷嘴椭圆形喷雾的喷雾锥角为 2 6°～ 38°,流强呈单峰型分布。统计研究了该喷嘴冷试验和在液氧介质下热试验时的喷嘴流量系数 ,流量系数在 0 6～ 0 8之间     

直接侧向力/气动力复合控制影响因素研究

为分析直接侧向力/气动力复合控制中的影响因素对控制效果的影响,给出了复合控制拦截器的典型布局,建立了直接侧向力/气动力复合控制分配模型;采用自适应动态逆方法形成虚拟控制律实现拦截器姿态控制,并进行了仿真验证与分析。仿真结果表明,不同发动机总数、发动机开关机周期和推力大小等因素对最终控制效果有直接的影响,且发动机开关机周期与推力的共同作用对控制效果影响明显。     

高热流密度燃烧室壁面阵列空气射流-燃油组合冷却结构研究（爆震专刊）

针对高热流密度燃烧室壁面热防护需求提出了一种空气阵列射流冲击和燃油冷却肋板的集成冷却方式,在射流平均雷诺数(Re_j)为10000至30000、燃油进口流速(v_f)为2.33m/s至5.23m/s的范围内,采用数值模拟方法对其传热特性进行了研究,并基于壁面加热侧当量对流换热系数的概念,分析了基准肋板以及燃油冷却肋板的传热增强作用。与无肋板靶面的阵列射流冲击相比,带肋板阵列射流冲击的面积平均当量对流换热系数是前者的1.6倍,压力损失系数相对提高了约25%;采用燃油冷却肋板,加热壁面综合传热能力进一步增强,在Re_j=10000时,采用燃油冷却肋板的面积平均当量对流换热系数是基准肋板的1.5倍以上,即使在Re_j=30000时,燃油冷却肋板的传热增强比也可以达到1.2;燃油冷却肋板的出口温度相对进口温度的提升在20K~50K范围内,其提升幅度随着射流雷诺数或燃油进口流速的增大而减小。     

支线飞机替换战略的经济性分析

随着中国城市化进程的发展,西部地区和三四线城市的航空出行需求快速增加。航空公司通常采用干线飞机投入西部航线和三四线城市航空市场,由于客座率不高且航班频次不足,航空公司经济效益不高,西部地区和部分三四线城市的航空出行需求也未得到充分满足。为解决供需矛盾,采用国产某支线飞机替换部分航线经济效益不好的干线飞机虽被提上日程,但是对于替换战略的经济性缺乏定量描述,航空公司始终处于观望状态,进而制约了支线飞机的市场推广。为解决上述问题,构建支线飞机替换战略的经济性模型,随后进行模型验证与仿真分析,比较支线飞机和干线飞机的航段收益,分析所有权模式和关键费用驱动因子对支线飞机运营经济性的影响规律,进而提出支线飞机的优势区域和提升运营经济性的有效措施。