碱金属引射对尾流化学动力学和电子密度的影响

用把碱金属（Na）加入到空气尾流中进行数值模拟的方法,研究了碱金属引射对高超声速尾流化学动力学和电子密度的影响。采用的化学反应模型为包括O2、N2、O、N、NO、NO＋、Na 、Na、O2-及e-的10组元模型。计算结果表明,碱金属引射,使尾流电子数密度增加1～3个量级。计算结果与文献中的数据符合较好。     

时效处理对T-250钢电子束焊接接头组织及性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、透射电镜观察了焊后不同时效状态下T— 2 5 0马氏体时效钢电子束焊缝的微观组织 ,测试了不同时效状态下焊接接头的室温强度、夏比缺口冲击韧性、显微硬度 ,并用扫描电镜分析了拉伸断口形貌。结果表明 :随时效温度的升高 ,焊缝区枝晶间逆转奥氏体析出量增加 ,焊缝缺口冲击韧性增大 ,断口韧窝增大 ;但由于 5 0 0℃× 4h时效处理后焊缝马氏体孪晶较多而使其拉伸强度和缺口冲击韧性降低。经 4 80℃× 4h时效处理后 ,焊接接头强度具有最佳强韧性配合     

一种微波等离子体原子氧模拟装置

介绍了一种新颖的原子氧模拟试验装置。该装置采用了微波电子回旋共振（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｃｙｃｌｏｔｒｏｎｒｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅ简称“ＥＣＲ”）的先进技术。最佳调试状态下，可获得１０（１５）／（ｃｍ２·ｓ）的束流。在该试验装置上，对航天器上常用的Ｋａｐｔｏｎ和石墨环氧材料进行了原子氧效应试验，首次在国内成功的获得了原子氧束流模拟试验的样品结果。对样品的表面形貌分析证明：试验结果完全与国外同类设备的试验结论一致，这标志着中国在原子氧地面模拟技术领域的研究已取得重要进展。     

利用MF雷达对耀斑期间电离层D区电子密度的观测研究

利用MF雷达观测资料对X级别耀斑爆发期间在66-80km高度之间的电子密度进行了研究，观测到了耀斑爆发期间电子密度的突然增加，在较低高度上的电子密度的时间变化趋势与耀斑的软X射线辐射通量相关．电子密度的变化强度依赖于具体的耀斑参数，有些耀斑引起的电子密度增加高达400cm^-3，有些仅为100cm^-3左右．但耀斑期间在这一高度区间增加的总电子含量增量仅占耀斑辐射引起的整个电离层总电子含量增量的千分之一左右．最后，利用恢复阶段电子密度的时间变化过程估算了1997年11月4日耀斑期间部分高度上的有效复合系数．     

钛合金胶接点焊接头的性能检测

研究了不同焊接电流下钛合金板胶接点焊接头的A扫描信号和C扫描图像特征,并进行了拉伸-剪切试验。结果表明:通过观察C扫描图像的特征与A扫描信号的变化,能够划分胶接点焊接头的胶层区、热影响区、熔合区、熔核区以及焊接缺陷;随着电流(7~10 k A)的逐渐增大,接头熔核直径呈递增趋势,相应的失效载荷从7 231.5增加到10 939.0 N;当电流为7 k A时,在C扫描图像上反映出飞溅缺陷,此时接头失效载荷远小于没有出现飞溅的接头,可见飞溅降低了胶接点焊接头的拉剪载荷。     

Improved predictions of equatorial TEC for real time applications

It is important to use models developed specifically for the equatorial ionospheric estimation for real-time applications, particularly in Satellite Navigation. This work demonstrates a methodology for improved predictions of VTEC in real time using the model developed for the equatorial ionosphere by the authors. This work has been done using TEC data of the low solar activity period of 2005 obtained using dual frequency GPS receivers installed under the GAGAN project of ISRO. For the purpose, the model is first used in conjunction with Kriging technique. Improvement in accuracy is observed when compared with the estimations from the model alone using the measurements as true reference. Further improvement is obtained by Bayesian combination of these estimates with independent Neural Network based predictions. Statistical performance of improvement is provided. An improvement of ∼1 m in confidence level of estimation of VTEC is obtained.     

有磁场时电子在航天器光电子鞘层中的漂移运动

采用二级漂移近似理论，研究了在航天器光电子鞘层中与电流收集有关的电子在磁场中的运动轨道和收集电子有关的磁瓶结构，结果表明当磁场越强，航天器表面电势越弱，磁瓶在无穷远处横截面积就越小。在光电子鞘层中，势垒对电流收集影响较大，磁瓶的横截面积在略远于垫垒处有极大值，磁瓶在无穷远处的横截面积并非随着势垒距航天器距离的远近而单调变化。     

A global survey of COSMIC ionospheric peak electron density and its height: A comparison with ground-based ionosonde measurements

With a network of ground-based ionosondes distributed around the world, the ionospheric peak electron density and its height measured by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites in terms of GPS radio occultation technique are extensively examined in this article. It is found that, in spite of the latitude, the mean values of the peak electron density measured by COSMIC satellites are systematically smaller than those observed by ground-based ionosondes. The discrepancy between them is dependent on the latitude, namely, it is small in low and mid-latitudes and large in high-latitude region. Moreover, statistical analysis shows that the slopes of the regression line that is best fitted to the scatter diagram of occultation-retrieved peak electron density (ordinate axis) versus ionosonde-observed peak density (abscissa axis) are universally less than one. This feature is believed to be the result of path average effect of non-uniform distribution of the electron density along the GSP ray during the occultation. A comparison between COSMIC-measured peak height and ionosonde-derived peak height hmF2 indicates that the former is systematically higher than the latter. The difference in the two can be as large as 20% or more in equatorial and low-latitude regions. This result implies that the peak height hmF2 derived from the virtual height through true height analysis based on Titheridge method seems to underestimate the true peak height. The correlation between COSMIC and ionosonde peak electron densities is analyzed and the result reveals that correlation coefficient seems to be dependent on the fluctuation of the occultation-retrieved electron density profile. The correlation will be higher (lower) for the electron density profiles with smaller (larger) fluctuations. This feature suggests that the inhomogeneous distribution of the electron density along the GPS ray path during the occultation plays an important role affecting the correlation between COSMIC and ionosonde measurements.     

Near-real time monitoring of the TEC fluctuations over the northern hemisphere using GNSS permanent networks

Since the early 1990s, global positioning system measurements have been used to study of the state and rapid changes of the Total Electron Content in the ionosphere. Currently, the increasing number of permanent stations makes it possible to generate maps of the irregularities in the ionosphere for specified regions with sub-daily resolution. The main goal of this work was to apply global navigation satellite system observations to obtain information about ionospheric variability around the North Geomagnetic Pole. In order to detect the ionospheric disturbances, 30-s observation data was used. The Rate of Total Electron Content Index was applied as a measure of the variability in the ionosphere. The first analyses were executed using more than 100 permanent stations. The results show two kinds of products: 2-hour maps in spherical geomagnetic coordinates and daily maps presenting the occurrence of the strong Total Electron Content fluctuations as a magnetic local time function, for the most disturbed days of April 2010. Apart from the main product of the algorithm, the Rate of Total Electron Content time series for individual satellite tracks was presented. The results demonstrated very good sensitivity of the obtained maps, which can detect even quite weak disturbances. The presented algorithm developed at the Geodynamic Research Laboratory of the University of Warmia and Mazury, in cooperation with Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation, will be applied in the near future to create near-real time service of the conditions in the ionosphere based on the Global Navigation Satellite Systems observations.     

Latitudinal variation of the topside electron temperature at different levels of solar activity

A database of electron temperature (T_e) measurements comprising of most of the available satellite measurements in the topside ionosphere is used for studying the solar activity variations of the electron temperature T_e at different latitudes, altitudes, local times and seasons. The T_e data are grouped into three levels of solar activity (low, medium, high) at four altitude ranges, for day and night, and for equinox and solstices. We find that in general T_e changes with solar activity are small and comparable in magnitude with seasonal changes but much smaller than the changes with altitude, latitude, and from day to night. In all cases, except at low altitude during daytime, T_e increases with increasing solar activity. But this increase is not linear as assumed in most empirical T_e models but requires at least a parabolic approximation. At 550 km during daytime negative as well as positive correlation is found with solar activity. Our global data base allows to quantify the latitude range and seasonal conditions for which these correlations occur. A negative correlation with solar activity is found in the invdip latitude range from 20 to 55 degrees during equinox and from 20 degrees onward during winter. In the low latitude (20 to −20 degrees invdip) F-region there is almost no change with solar activity during solstice and a positive correlation during equinox. A positive correlation is also observed during summer from 30 degrees onward.