氧化镍电致变色薄膜及其器件的制备与性能研究

以氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃为基底,采用直流反应磁控溅射法在室温环境下制备了高透过率调制的NiO_x薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子电镜(SEM)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV 3600)对薄膜进行分析和表征,研究溅射过程中氩氧比、气压、功率对薄膜结构、形貌及电致变色性能的影响。结果表明：制备的NiO_x薄膜表面有明显的结晶颗粒及孔隙,并沿(200)晶面择优生长;随着气压、功率、氧分压的增大,透过率调制先增大后减小,在时间为45 min、溅射气压4.9 Pa、氩氧比113∶7、功率215 W时最高可达58.3%,着褪色响应时间分别为9和19s,相应的着褪色效率分别为77.56和40.39 cm²/C;以最优工艺的NiO_x薄膜组装了结构为Glass/ITO/NiO_x/Li-electrolyte/WO₃/ITO/Glass的电致变色器件,器件在550 nm处的光调制幅度为46.5%,着褪色时间分别为27和45 s,相应的着褪色速率为1.5和0.9%/s,在循环...     

Solar sail optimal control with solar irradiance fluctuations

The optimization of a solar sail-based orbital transfer amounts to searching for the control law that minimizes the flight time. In this context, the optimal trajectory is usually determined assuming constant solar properties. However, the total solar irradiance undergoes both long-term (solar cycles) and short-term variations, and recent analyses have shown that this may have an impact on solar sailing for missions requiring an accurate thrust modulation. In this regard, the paper discusses a strategy to overcome such an issue by suitably adjusting the thrust vector in order to track a reference, optimal, transfer trajectory. In particular, the sail propulsive acceleration magnitude is modified by means of a set of electrochromic material panels, which change their optical properties on application of a suitable electric voltage. The proposed control law is validated with a set of numerical simulations that involve a classical Earth-Mars, orbit-to-orbit, heliocentric transfer.     

导电高分子电致变色材料及其在飞行器和军事伪装中的应用

概述了导电高分子(CPs)作为新型电致变色材料的特点、电致变色原理及红外发射器件的设计，并对国外在飞行器导热控制和红外、雷达伪装上的应用发展状况进行了介绍。     

导电高分子电致变色智能热控器件

采用简单的旋涂、喷涂等方法,制备了一种由可溶性聚苯胺为主体电致变色智能热控器件.该器件的基底为聚酯,固体电解质为锂盐/聚丙烯腈.通过电切换调控,该器件发射率能够在0.46-0.75内调控,且红外光谱反射率变化大于38%.研究了厚度、预掺杂酸种类、浓度等对聚苯胺活性层发射特性的影响;考察了导电高分子聚苯胺层厚度、电切换电压等因素对涂层体系发射率调控的影响.结果表明发射率的调控范围与电化学还原的深度密切相关,通过调节材料厚度、掺杂酸种类等可有效提高发射率调控范围.该导电高分子电致变色智能热控涂层在航天器热控制方面展示了良好的应用前景.     

Theoretical performance analysis of electrochromic radiators for space suit thermal control

Variable emissivity electrochromics have been proposed as an enabling technology for integrating a radiator capability into a space suit in order to augment or replace the traditional means of heat rejection achieved via water sublimation. Thermal analysis was performed to establish design trade spaces and to provide operational guidelines and performance specifications for electrochromic technology development. Based on using the available surface area of an entire space suit as a radiator and the projected infrared emissivity modulation capability of state-of-the-art electrochromic material, the proposed application for space suit heat rejection suggests the potential exists to reduce or eliminate reliance on water consumption for thermal control within a defined range of metabolic and environmental boundary conditions.     

柔性AgNWs/ITO/WO3薄膜的制备及其电致变色性能

文摘为适应电致变色领域越来越丰富的柔性化需求,解决柔性基底上直接制备电致变色薄膜性能不佳的问题。以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/银纳米线(AgNWs)为基底,采用室温直流反应磁控溅射制备了氧化铟锡(ITO)/氧化钨(WO_3)薄膜,研究了AgNWs/ITO复合电极的光电性能以及PET/AgNWs/ITO/WO_3薄膜的电致变色性能。结果表明,通过加镀ITO过渡层,克服了PET/AgNWs/WO_3薄膜存在的着色不均匀、单次循环后性能迅速衰退等问题。最终获得了透过率调制为57.4%(550 nm处)、69.6%(1 000 nm处),着褪色响应时间分别为10.4 s和9.9 s,相应的着褪色效率分别为27.79 cm~2/C和40.45 cm~2/C的高性能柔性电致变色薄膜。薄膜在超过500次循环稳定测试以及2 000次弯折测试后仍能保证较高的透过率调制,展现出了在柔性电致变色领域的巨大应用潜力。