Particle image velocimetry for combustion measurements: Applications and developments

In the last several decades, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has reached a high degree of maturity as a laser diagnostic technique based on tracer particles, with significant improvements in accuracy, resolution, dynamic range, and as an extension to combustion measurements. To assess the recent developments and to project the future trends of using the PIV technique for combustion measurements, we review many key issues for measuring combustion flow fields. We introduce the representative applications of a supersonic combustor and swirling burner and summarize the promising prospects and further development requirements of PIV measurements in combustion flow fields.     

ICP配准算法的影响因素及评价指标分析

基于3D激光雷达传感器的同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)技术,是机器人自主定位解决方案的核心。三维点云配准环节是3D激光雷达SLAM实现自身定位与地图构建的关键所在。重点围绕ICP算法在三维激光点云配准中的应用开展研究,首先对ICP算法的配准原理及其求解过程进行详细分析,其次介绍了ICP的影响因素并提出了相应的评价指标,最后测试了ICP算法在不同角度和位移下的配准效果并进行了实验分析。     

Use of finite-element models for preparation of ground vibration test

The paper discusses possibilities to make use of the finite element model (FE model) to prepare and analyse ground vibration tests (GVT) on large aircraft. It reports about experiences gained in the preparation stage and of research GVT on an Airbus A340-300.The observability and controllability of the expected structural modes can be investigated on the basis of FE calculations during the preparation of the GVT. By this means, the engineering skill strictly necessary to set up a GVT can be backed up with analytical findings potentially resulting in improvements of the pick-up and excitation plan. During and after the test the performance of orthogonality checks as well as the calculation of generalized masses on the basis of the measured mode shapes and the analytical mass matrix provide useful additional information for the evaluation and interpretation of test results. The detection of deviations of the measurements from the analytical model might influence the test procedure drawing attention towards the least precisely predicted modes which can prove to be very useful for the updating of the FE model.A prerequisite for any activity related to the FE model is a proper association of the test data with the analytical calculations. For this task the use of a generalized static expansion technique is recommended which is a suitable tool during both the preparation and analysis stage of a GVT.     

“Furoshiki satellite” - a large membrane structure as a novel space system

We have been studying a large membrane space structure named “Furoshiki Satellite,” as a promising candidate of a future space system for those missions requiring large area in space such as solar power generation, a large communication antenna, or a large radiator. This membrane is folded in a very small volume during launch and is deployed and controlled by a set of several satellites at its corners or using centrifugal force generated by rotating the central satellite. It is expected that such a structure will reduce the weight per area of the space structure and, if the control technology is properly applied, it can be efficiently folded during launch and easily deployed after release. This paper shows the concept of Furoshiki Satellite, its applications, and its dynamics on orbit and how to control it. A nano-satellite project on demonstrate the concept of Furoshiki Satellite will also be described briefly.     

Nutation damping of spinning satellite with viscous annular dampers

A new assumption, that the fluid in an annular damper is supposed to be a variable slug, is taken to discuss the nutation damping of a spinning satellite with a partially filled viscous annular damper. The dynamical equations for the spinning satellite with the damper are established by application of the equations of the first order in normal form for the rigid body. Approximate analytical solutions of nutation angle attenuation are obtained by the successive approximation and the small parameter methods. The theoretical results from the variable slug can explain the experimental phenomena, which are not explainable by the results from the conventional rigid assumption, taken by most the former references. Thus the presented analytical solutions provide a more reliable basis for designing the annular damper.     

旋成体表面沟槽减阻试验研究

在旋成体模型表面粘贴铝基沟槽蒙皮,研究沟槽表面对模型阻力的影响。给出基于来流单位雷诺数的沟槽尺寸无量纲公式,用于设计沟槽齿高和齿宽,依据试验风洞的单位雷诺数范围,选定3种尺寸的沟槽进行减阻试验。结果表明,在旋成体表面湍流流动区域顺流向布置沟槽,当沟槽齿高和齿宽的无量纲值h＋、s＋均小于25时,在小迎角下具有减阻作用,当s＋约为15时减阻效果最明显,可减小约3%～4%的阻力。     

低速轴流压气机中气动旋转不稳定性和叶顶泄漏流脉动特性

为了探究气动旋转不稳定性和叶顶泄漏流脉动特性的关系,对一台1.5级低速轴流压气机进行了实验和数值研究.在转子顶部机匣上布置动态压力传感器,采集不同流量下叶顶的压力脉动信号,在小流量下捕捉到了旋转不稳定性的产生.通过锁相平均和方均根压力图谱,发现当叶顶泄漏流与相邻叶片发生干涉时叶顶流场脉动显著增强.对压气机转子进行全通道数值模拟,发现叶顶泄漏流在小流量下发生周期性振荡,且相邻流道间的压力脉动具有相位延迟,这诱导产生了一个具有多重频率的旋转压力波.通过频谱分析发现:脉动的叶顶泄漏流产生的旋转压力波与旋转不稳定性具有一致的频率特性,表明叶顶泄漏流的脉动对压气机中旋转不稳定性的产生具有重要作用.      

复合材料曲板缺陷及安装误差对屈曲性能的影响

复合材料曲板的屈曲行为对缺陷十分敏感,研究数值模拟及试验中缺陷对屈曲性能的影响对复合材料曲板的工程应用具有重要意义。应用数值模拟方法研究了常见典型缺陷及缺陷所引起的安装误差对复合材料曲板屈曲性能的影响。建立了理想曲板模型和考虑安装误差的含缺陷曲板模型,缺陷类型包括复合材料曲板在制造过程中易产生的缺陷,如倾斜、厚度不均、翘曲。计算了模型在轴压载荷下的屈曲载荷及应变分布情况,并将含缺陷模型计算结果与理想模型进行比较。研究表明：倾斜对受载曲板的应变分布改变较大,会使试验件屈曲载荷大幅下降;翘曲对受载曲板的应变分布影响不大但会使试验件屈曲载荷大幅下降;厚度不均的缺陷对曲板屈曲性能影响较小。与含典型缺陷的曲板轴压试验结果对比,试验结果与理论研究结果一致。     

基于Newton迭代滚动时域估计的GPS/SINS紧组合导航技术

随着智能设备的普及,使用手机为汽车进行导航越来越普遍。目前,手机内置的惯性测量单元成本低廉、导航精度低,且常使用松组合,而应用GPS/SINS紧组合导航技术可提高导航的精度及可用性。通过将基于Newton迭代的梯度下降算法与滚动时域估计相结合,手机内置GPS与陀螺加速度计构成紧组合导航系统,可提高在复杂环境中的导航精度。传统Kalman滤波方法未能充分考虑到紧组合导航系统的非线性特性,而滚动时域估计通过参考多时刻导航信息,可更有效地排除非线性因素对系统的干扰,并通过实验验证了此方法。实验结果表明,相比采用扩展Kalman滤波,基于Newton迭代时域估计算法的紧组合导航系统的导航位置精度及速度精度均获得了较大提高。     

舰船燃气轮机技术及发展

介绍了国内外舰船燃气轮机的发展状况,分析了典型舰船燃气轮机LM2500系列、MT30和UGT25000的技术特点和性能,展望了舰船燃气轮机的发展方向,并提出了需要发展的关键技术。