Flutter control of a composite plate with piezoelectric multilayered actuators

Active flutter velocity enhancement scheme is presented for lifting surfaces, employing Linear Quadratic Gaussian based multi-input multi-output controller with multilayered piezoelectric actuators. To numerically test the developed concept, a composite plate wing, surface bonded with eight piezoelectric bender actuators and sensors has been considered. A modal flutter control model is formulated in state-space domain using coupled piezoelectric finite element procedures along with unsteady aerodynamics and optimal control theory. The bending – torsion flutter instability has been actively postponed from 44.13 to 55.5 m/s using the energy imparted by the multilayered piezoelectric actuators. As the power requirement by these actuators is comparatively very low with respect to stack actuators, they can be employed in an integrated form to develop active lifting surfaces for real time applications.     

Economic effect of satellite communications based on the Great East Japan Earthquake

On 11 March 2011, an undersea earthquake of magnitude 9.0, the largest ever recorded in Japan, occurred off the Oshika Peninsula on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region. The hypocentral region extended for 500 km in the north–south direction from Iwate Prefecture to Ibaraki Prefecture, and for 200 km in east–west direction. The earthquake generated a tsunami with a height of more than 10 m and a run-up height of up to 40.0 m in certain places, which inflicted devastating damage on the coastal areas of the Tohoku and Kanto regions. In addition to the tsunami, the earthquake caused shaking, liquefaction, subsidence, and the collapse of dams, causing major damage to vast areas in the Tohoku and Kanto regions and disrupting various types of infrastructure, including communication. In light of this unprecedented damage, satellite communications were important from various perspectives while terrestrial communications systems were damaged, and an objective evaluation of the role played by satellite communications is relevant to its future installation, adoption and use as a standalone or backup system. Furthermore, satellite communications can help reduce the extent of damage, particularly damage to communications systems, inflicted by strong earthquakes in the future. Accordingly, we report a preliminary quantitative evaluation of the role of satellite communications in the Great East Japan Earthquake, of the role of satellite communications if it becomes widespread, and of its expected role in future large-scale earthquakes in terms of the economic effect converted into cost.     

Tracking characteristics of tracer particles for PIV measurements in supersonic flows

The tracking characteristics of tracer particles for particle image velocimetry (PIV) mea-surements in supersonic flows were investigated. The experimental tests were conducted at Mach number 4 in Multi-Mach Wind Tunnel (MMWT) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The motion of tracer particles carried by the supersonic flow across shockwaves was theoretically modelled, and then their aerodynamic characteristics with compressibility and rarefaction effects were evalu-ated. According to the proposed selection criterion of tracer particles, the PIV measured results clearly identified that the shockwave amplitude is in good agreement with theory and Schlieren visu-alizations. For the tracer particles in nanoscales, their effective aerodynamic sizes in the diagnostic zone can be faithfully estimated to characterize the tracking capability and dispersity performance based on their relaxation motion across oblique shockwaves. On the other hand, the seeding system enabled the tracer particles well-controlled and repeatable dispersity against the storage and humidity.     

Reduction of satellite electromagnetic scattering by carbon nanostructured multilayers

We propose a low observable satellite covered by layered materials. The dielectric properties of the composite materials are analyzed using the coaxial air-line method. Our solution could result in cost-effective applications for satellite stealthness. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to design and optimize layered absorbers. The obtained reflection is below −20 dB in many frequency subranges, also under an oblique incident condition, within the band 2–18 GHz. The optimized layered absorbers are used as a cloak for cube satellites. In particular, we investigated a very simple geometry by using a finite element commercial software in the band from 2 to 18. Finally, the transmission through an aperture on the satellite surface is analyzed. It is highlighted that the optimized layered absorbers attenuate the electric field within the satellite, improving its immunity against electromagnetic interferences.     

大型风洞设备的数智化初步研究

数智化技术是大型风洞设备设计、建设与运行的重要内容和发展方向。对国内外大型风洞设计建设中的数字化、网络化和智能化技术研究现状进行了简要的梳理和总结;分析了当前大型风洞设备在设计建设过程中面临的数字化多学科协同设计、数据分析管理、数据交互与融合、智能制造与装配、健康管理、智能机器人等数智化技术问题及其发展趋势;提出了构建数智化风洞系统的设计思路。     

全球疫情下的中国内地航空网络对外连通性

新冠肺炎疫情给世界航空网络的连通性造成重大影响，网络的通达程度明显降低。为了研究中国内地的航空网络对外连通性在疫情影响下的变化，提出对外连通效率这一评价指标，并根据国内外疫情爆发不同阶段的特点采用不同的链路删除规则进行分析。研究结果表明：在疫情爆发前期，因许多国家对中国内地旅客采取入境限制措施，中国内地的航空网络对外连通效率与疫情前相比下降率最大达到39.8%，同等情形下，禁止入境措施对中国内地的对外连通性影响比停飞直航大将近一个数量级，而这两种限制措施造成的影响在不同国家间的横向差异性也巨大。此外，一些与中国内地不存在直航的国家如果采取限制入境措施，也会对中国内地的对外连通性产生很大影响。在疫情爆发中后期，全球的航线连接缩减并未对中国内地的航空对外连通性产生明显影响，中国国际航线间的连通替代关系大大提升了航空网络在此类极端情形下的鲁棒性。     

无水甲醇质量比对紧凑型预冷器的结霜和抑霜性能的影响

在主流来流的速度值、湿度值和温度值分别为10 m/s、6.4 g/kg和50℃的实验条件下，对微管式紧凑型预冷器的结霜和抑霜性能进行了实验研究。在抑霜实验工况中，采用无水甲醇作为抑霜的有机溶剂，且在抑霜实验过程中喷射了三个不同质量比（0.75、1.0和1.25）的无水甲醇对预冷器进行抑霜。对不同实验工况的结霜和抑霜性能、压力损失系数、预冷器管束的壁面温度和预冷器的换热率进行了详细地分析。实验结果表明，在进行结霜实验时，当低温冷却剂流经预冷器的微细管束内部时，在预冷器的外侧会快速地凝结霜层，且霜层随着实验时间的增长而逐渐累积。然而，一旦向主流来流中喷射了三个不同质量比的无水甲醇之后，会产生非常明显的抑霜效果，主流的压力损失系数显著下降且预冷器的换热率明显提高。此外，预冷器微细管束的壁面温度也显著的增大了，其壁面温度均高于水的冰点，这是喷射无水甲醇能够产生抑霜效果的直接原因。在向主流喷射三个不同质量比的无水甲醇的抑霜实验中，当喷射的无水甲醇的质量比为1.0时的抑霜效果最佳。此外，根据对抑霜实验结果进行分析，可以进一步地推测：实现最优抑霜性能的最佳无水甲醇质量比可能介于1.0～1.25之间。     

锂离子电池用PMMA凝胶/LLZT复合电解质的原位制备

固态电池具有高能量密度和高安全性等潜力,是未来航天器电源的重要解决方案。本文利用原位聚合方法,制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)凝胶/Li_(6.5)La_3Zr_(1.5)Ta_(0.5)O_(12)(LLZT)复合电解质。通过选择与陶瓷相润湿性好的甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体(MMA)进行原位聚合,改善了电解质内部陶瓷与凝胶的两相界面。室温下,此复合电解质具有6.6×10~(-4)S·cm~(-1)的离子导电率。进一步采用原位聚合法,制备了Li/复合电解质/Li对称电池。与非原位方法相比,原位聚合将电解质与金属锂的界面比电阻从1 572Ω·cm~2降至367Ω·cm~2,对称电池在0.085 mA·cm~(-2)下能够稳定循环400圈,显示出良好的循环稳定性。     

基于CAN总线的全自主移动车辆信息网络设计

面向全自主轮式移动车辆设计了基于CAN总线的控制-感知-导航通信系统。提出了CAN总线带宽分配原则及通信协议,并针对典型导航传感器系统进行了通信负载-可靠性试验,给出了多自主移动车辆的信息网络的建立方法。实验结果表明:基于CAN总线实现车体导航-控制可满足自主控制的实时性和可靠性要求。     

极小化相位误差加权间断有限元辛方法

对于线性Hamilton系统,辛差分方法可以保持系统的辛结构,有限元方法可以保证系统的辛性质并具有能量守恒特性。但辛差分方法和有限元方法时域上仍然存在相位误差,使得计算的精度不是很理想。提出极小化相位误差加权间断有限元辛方法（WDG-PF）,该方法是辛方法,同时,对Hamilton系统的求解具有极小的相位误差。数值显示该方法可以保证Hamilton系统的能量守恒性。WDG-PF方法解决了时间有限元方法（TFE）存在的相位漂移现象,同时指出间断有限元方法可以通过加权处理达到保辛要求。WDG-PF方法相较于针对相位误差设计的计算格式分数步对称辛算法（FSJS）、辛Runge-Kutta-Nystrom（RKN）格式以及辛分块Runge-Kutta（SPRK）等方法,WDG-PF显著地减少相位误差,和显著提高Hamilton系统能量精度的优点。相位误差和能量误差几乎达到计算机精度。同时单元内部具有超收敛现象。特别针对高低混频Hamilton系统,传统方法很难在固定的步长下同时实现对高频和低频信号的精确仿真,WDG-PF方法则可以在大步长下同时实现对低频信号和高频信号的高精度仿真。数值显示,WDG-PF方法切实有效。