Graph-tree-based software control flow checking for COTS processors on pico-satellites

 This paper proposes a generic high-performance and low-time-overhead software control flow checking solution, graph-tree-based control flow checking (GTCFC) for space-borne commercial- off-the-shelf (COTS) processors. A graph tree data structure with a topology similar to common trees is introduced to transform the control flow graphs of target programs. This together with design of IDs and signatures of its vertices and edges allows for an easy check of legality of actual branching during target program execution. As a result, the algorithm not only is capable of detecting all single and multiple branching errors with low latency and time overheads along with a linear-complexity space overhead, but also remains generic among arbitrary instruction sets and independent of any specific hardware. Tests of the algorithm using a COTS-processor-based onboard computer (OBC) of in-service ZDPS-1A pico-satellite products show that GTCFC can detect over 90% of the randomly injected and all-pattern-covering branching errors for different types of target programs, with performance and overheads consistent with the theoretical analysis; and beats well-established preeminent control flow checking algorithms in these dimensions. Furthermore, it is validated that GTCGC not only can be accommodated in pico-satellites conveniently with still sufficient system margins left, but also has the ability to minimize the risk of control flow errors being undetected in their space missions. Therefore, due to its effectiveness, efficiency, and compatibility, the GTCFC solution is ready for applications on COTS processors on pico-satellites in their real space missions.     

Dual smoothing ionospheric gradient monitoring algorithm for dual-frequency BDS GBAS

In this study, a Dual Smoothing Ionospheric Gradient Monitor Algorithm (DSIGMA) was developed for Code-Carrier Divergence (CCD) faults of dual-frequency Ground-Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) based on the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). Divergence-Free (DF) combinations of the signals were used to form test statistics for a dual-frequency DSIGMA. First, the single-frequency DSIGMA was reviewed, which supports the GBAS approach service type D (GAST-D) for protection against the effect of large ionospheric gradients. The single-frequency DSIGMA was used to create a novel input scheme for the dual-frequency DSIGMA by introducing DF combinations. The steady states of the test statistics were also analysed. The monitors were characterized using BDS measurement data, whereby standard deviations of 0.0432 and 0.0639 m for the proposed two test statistics were used to calculate the monitor threshold. An extensive simulation was designed to assess the monitor performance by comparing the Probability of Missed Detection (PMD) according to the differential error with the range domain PMD limits under different fault modes. The results showed that the proposed algorithm has a higher integrity performance than the single-frequency monitor. The minimum detectable divergence with the same missed probability is less than 50% that of GAST-D.     

基于平衡馈电的倍频程宽波束紧缩场馈源*

设计了一种工作在4GHz～8GHz的基于平衡馈电的宽波束中心脊喇叭馈源。馈源的中心脊为十字形,位于喇叭中心。四个同轴探针旋转对称分布,外导体连接喇叭壁,内导体与十字形中心脊的四个脊片分别连接,通过向正对的同轴探针馈入等幅反相的差分信号实现平衡馈电,抑制高次模的产生。中心脊波导喇叭截止频率较低的前三个模式分别为TE1 1模,TE21 L模和TE21 U模式,其中,TE11模是馈源的主模式。针对馈源的模式分布分析馈源具有宽带特性的原因。在喇叭口面位置加载三个优化设计的轴向波纹槽,获得稳定的宽波束辐射方向图。设计的馈源在频带范围内VSWR1.9,–3dB波束宽度51.5°,E面和H面交叉极化?30dB,相位中心变化0.32?(?为4GHz对应的波长)。     

Cooperative task assignment of multi-UAV system

With the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology, one of the emerging fields is to utilize multi-UAV as a team under autonomous control in a complex environment. Among the challenges in fully achieving autonomous control, Cooperative task assignment stands out as the key function. In this paper, we analyze the importance and difficulties of multi-UAV cooperative task assignment in characterizing scenarios and obtaining high-quality solutions. Furthermore, we present three promising directions for future research: Cooperative task assignment in a dynamic complex environment, in an unmanned-manned aircraft system and in a UAV swarm. Our goal is to provide a brief review of multi-UAV cooperative task assignment for readers to further explore.     

基于效能的先进战斗机航电系统动态重构方法

为满足未来先进战斗机全战斗过程的对敌压制能力需求，分析了作战任务与航电系统支持能力间的关系，建立了"作战任务-航电能力-资源需求"间的关系矩阵和航电系统效能模型；以最大化全飞行阶段航电功能整体效能和飞行安全为目标设计了针对不同作战场景的航电系统动态重构策略及重构流程；通过数值分析，对比了动态重构航电系统与静态配置航电系统在不同作战区边界的效能，表明动态重构特性能有效提高战斗机各阶段的作战效能，提高有限资源条件下的阶段优势。     

基于工厂机制的Air-SeaSim CGF模型系统

针对仿真模型可重用性不足的问题,以海空对抗战术仿真为背景,设计了一种基于工厂机制的Air-SeaSim CGF(Computer Generated Forces)仿真模型开发系统.遵循"自底向上"的开发原则,构造了由模型层、对象层、服务层和应用层构成的Air-SeaSim CGF模型系统软件体系结构.基于工厂机制的实体模型设计,对CGF实体进行适当的分解,抽象出满足仿真需求的模型,以组件形式表示,通过定义组件接口实现实体模型的快速组装及其功能的扩展.系统应用效果表明,通过工厂机制开发技术设计的Air-SeaSim CGF实体模型,集成了不同粒度组件的仿真模型,实现了实体模型行为组件在不同兵力模型建立过程中的共享和组合,简化了用户的定义,有利于模型的统一开发.     

IMRT逆向计划中的混合多目标梯度算法

将多目标智能优化算法与梯度算法的进化策略有机结合,即对每一种群用梯度算法求解其下一代新群体,并采用实数运算,构造一种混合多目标梯度算法。利用测试函数分析算法的优劣,并将其应用于IMRT逆向计划过程。目标函数中的PTV和NT是基于平均计量分布,通过水模中的测试算例,得出强度分布。结果表明,该混合多目标梯度算法可节省大量计算时间且具有较高的计算精度,故能够满足实际应用的要求。     

基于NMF、ICA和复Contourlet变换的红外小目标检测

针对存在背景干扰和噪声情况下的红外弱小目标检测问题,提出了一种基于非负矩阵分解(NMF)、独立分量分析(ICA)和复Contourlet变换的检测方法。首先通过非负矩阵分解和独立分量分析分别抑制原始图像的背景,得到不同的小目标残差图像;接着采用复Contourlet变换对残差图像进行去噪;再对上述去噪后的小目标残差图像求和,得到了预处理图像;最后提出基于模糊灰度熵阈值选取方法分割预处理图像,从而实现了复杂背景下的红外弱小目标检测。针对红外小目标图像进行了大量实验,并与基于新型Top-hat变换、基于快速独立分量分析的目标检测方法进行了比较,结果表明所提出的方法抗噪性强,具有更为优越的检测性能。     

多飞行器的分布式优化研究现状与展望

航空领域的多个飞行器协同搜救、区域监控、编队飞行等实际任务具有个体数量多、信息分散、任务指标复杂等特点,分布式优化是实现上述任务中多飞行器有效协同的重要保证,具有重要的理论意义和显著的应用价值。从优化任务的问题模型、研究框架和典型优化算法3个方面对分布式优化的研究现状进行了概述。根据不同的优化问题,从无约束的分布式凸优化、集合约束的分布式凸优化、不等式约束的分布式凸优化和分布式非凸优化这4个方面对分布式优化领域典型的研究成果进行了概述,并讨论了分布式优化研究的共性难点问题,对未来的分布式优化方向进行了展望。     

Accuracy assessment of single and double difference models for the single epoch GPS compass

The single epoch GPS compass is an important field of study, since it is a valuable technique for the orientation estimation of vehicles and it can guarantee a total independence from carrier phase slips in practical applications. To achieve highly accurate angular estimates, the unknown integer ambiguities of the carrier phase observables need to be resolved. Past researches focus on the ambiguity resolution for single epoch; however, accuracy is another significant problem for many challenging applications. In this contribution, the accuracy is evaluated for the non-common clock scheme of the receivers and the common clock scheme of the receivers, respectively. We focus on three scenarios for either scheme: single difference model vs. double difference model, single frequency model vs. multiple frequency model and optimal linear combinations vs. traditional triple-frequency least squares. We deduce the short baseline precision for a number of different available models and analyze the difference in accuracy for those models. Compared with the single or double difference model of the non-common clock scheme, the single difference model of the common clock scheme can greatly reduce the vertical component error of baseline vector, which results in higher elevation accuracy. The least squares estimator can also reduce the error of fixed baseline vector with the aid of the multi-frequency observation, thereby improving the attitude accuracy. In essence, the “accuracy improvement” is attributed to the difference in accuracy for different models, not a real improvement for any specific model. If all noise levels of GPS triple frequency carrier phase are assumed the same in unit of cycles, it can be proved that the optimal linear combination approach is equivalent to the traditional triple-frequency least squares, no matter which scheme is utilized. Both simulations and actual experiments have been performed to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis.