Application of CZCS data to productivity and water quality studies in the Northern Adriatic Sea

The Northern Adriatic Sea is a shallow ocean basin with considerable fresh water input and presents some unique water-optical features realted to:- suspended matter input caused by rivers and resuspension of bottom sediments;- phytoplankton production because of nutrient input from rivers and bottom;- dissolved organic matter (yellow substance) production by decomposition processes of the organic material.All these features influence the spectral reflectance of the water and make the algorithms for CZCS data interpretation quite different from those used in open ocean (type I) water. Therefore, special test-site specific algorithms must be derived from in-situ measurements of water-optical parameters and the water constituents. The results from such measurements are presented together with the algorithms and the evaluated CZCS data obtained from them. It is then discussed how the experimental and evaluated satellite data can be used to evaluate standing crop and productivity.     

基于加权模糊C均值聚类的图像分割算法

模糊C均值(FCM)算法用于灰度图像分割是一种非监督模糊聚类后再标定的过程,适合灰度图像中存在着模糊和不确定性的特点。但是这种算法存在着本质上的缺陷,就是仅利用了图像的灰度信息,而没有考虑像素的空间信息,使得其对于实际的含有噪声的图像分割效果不理想。因此,提出了一种新的加权模糊C均值聚类算法,实践证明,该方法可以有效地、实时地把目标从背景中分割出来,并具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Credit Determination of Fibre Channel in Avionics Environment

Fibre channel (FC) is the main candidate architecture for “unified network”. Flow control deals with the problem in which a de- vice receives frames faster than it can process them. Credit is an important service parameter for fibre channel flow control. Configuring the credit reasonably can avoid buffer overflow in nodes. This paper derives the mathematic relationships among credit, bandwidth and message sets under real-time condition according as three main topologies of fibre channel, and proposes the credit determination and the optimal credit for typical message sets. This study is based on the features of hard real-time communications in avionics environ- ment.     

基于复用分割技术的中继蜂窝网的频率规划

研究了两跳固定中继蜂窝网的频率规划问题.与其他固定中继蜂窝网的研究不同,假设了固定中继节点与其所属基站链路上没有任何性能增强技术,并在此假设条件下,根据复用分割原则,提出了两种新的中继频率规划方案.同时将提出的频率规划方案与基于信道借用的频率规划方案及传统无中继的频率规划方案进行了比较.理论分析和仿真结果表明, 所提出的频率规划方案不但能提高小区边缘用户的服务质量,且与基于信道借用的频率规划方案相比,能够获得更大的系统性能提高.研究结果还表明,为了充分发挥固定中继网络的潜力,有必要在固定中继节点与其所属基站链路上引入性能增强技术.     

On solving multi-commodity flow problems: An experimental evaluation

Multi-commodity flow problems (MCFs) can be found in many areas,such as transportation,communication,and logistics.Therefore,such problems have been studied by a multitude of researchers,and a variety of methods have been proposed for solving it.However,most researchers only discuss the properties of different models and algorithms without taking into account the impacts of actual implementation.In fact,the true performance of a method may differ greatly across various implementations.In this paper,several popular optimization solvers for implementations of column generation and Lagrangian relaxation are discussed.In order to test scalability and optimality,three groups of networks with different structures are used as case studies.Results show that column generation outperforms Lagrangian relaxation in most instances,but the latter is better suited to networks with a large number of commodities.     

Evaluation of membrane structure designs using boundary web cables for uniform tensioning

A design challenge in large membrane space structures is to apply pretension as uniformly as possible throughout the membrane, without increasing structural mass and volume. The present paper begins with a brief review of existing designs of membranes surrounded by catenary cables and shear compliant borders. The paper then introduces weblike cables that surround the membrane, and analyzes the consequent reduction in mass and volume. In addition, a series of quasi-static finite element analyses demonstrates the attenuation of wrinkles by the web cables when support points are perturbed. The paper concludes that the proposed design preserves a biaxially prestressed membrane even in disturbed conditions, with a minimal suspension-cable mass and volume.     

直反信号协同的GNSS-R BSAR距离多普勒成像算法

针对目前基于全球导航卫星系统反射信号的双基地合成孔径雷达（GNSS-R BSAR)在一站固定模式下的大斜视,斜距历程复杂,回波信号方位空变导致回波信号难以处理的问题,提出改进的距离多普勒成像新算法。所提算法采用GNSS信号作为辐射源,根据一站固定模式下GNSS-R BSAR合成孔径时间长的特点,引入高阶等效斜视距离模型,得到导航卫星与目标斜距相对时间变化的精确描述。先通过直射信号与回波信号时域对消进行距离徙动校正,实现全场景目标距离徙动的精确校正;再通过方位向分块混合相关处理来克服回波信号方位向的移变性质,实现全场景高效精确成像。所提算法的成像效率优于传统后向投影时域（BP）算法,成像精度与BP算法相当,且可根据需要通过调整方位分块的宽度来提升聚焦效果。最后,用GPS-L5信号进行仿真和实验,仿真和实验结果验证了所提算法的可行性和高效性。     

基于液滴参数检测的涡街湿气过读预测模型

为提高两相涡街湿气测量精度,针对传统涡街过读公式预测精度差、适用范围受限问题,提出基于夹带液滴参数（夹带率和粒径）的涡街过读预测模型。为进行不同夹带液滴工况的实验研究,建立基于雾化混合的可调压环雾状流实验装置,并建立光学图像法测量系统,获得液滴直径及其分布信息。结合环雾状流型及涡街过读机制,考虑液滴-液膜传质和液滴-旋涡耦合作用,提出影响涡街过读的无量纲尺度参数。建立基于液相加载量、韦伯数和斯托克斯数的涡街过读预测模型,将夹带液滴参数和载气参数（密度和速度）的影响考虑在内,理论上可拓展公式适用范围。最后,评估现有过读关联式的预测性能,并结合实验和模型假设中夹带液滴参数的差异进行详细分析,进一步确认了夹带率和粒径对涡街过读特性的重要影响。结果表明：所提模型在不同液滴夹带条件下都给出了很好的预测,相对偏差在±1.0%以内,预测精度和可拓展性较其他公式有了较大提高。     

航空电子系统机载网络实时性能评价技术

机载网络是航空电子系统中实现信息实时可靠传输的手段，其发展程度和能力决定了航空电子系统的总体构型及信息综合效能。不同于一般计算机网络，机载网络更加强调组网的实时性，需要采用苛刻高效的方法实现其实时性能的分析与评价。以交换式网络中消息传输过程为分析对象，研究了消息端到端传输延迟模型，给出了实时性能评价方法在评估悲观性和计算紧性的对比指标；对解析分析、行为仿真和模型检查等典型机载网络实时性评价关键技术进行了梳理和分析，给出了各种实时性能评价方法在计算紧性和效率等方面的差异和实现途径。以简单网络和工业规模网络为研究案例对上述方法进行了验证说明，并对比分析了各种方法在计算紧性的差异，探讨了航空电子系统机载网络实时性能评价技术的发展趋势。      

Two dimensional simulation of amplitude modulated electron plasma waves

Highly modulated waves near electron plasma frequency with both parallel and perpendicular polarization have been observed near diffusion region at dayside and in the tail region. In this paper, two dimensional Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulation was performed to study the possible generation mechanism of these modulated electron plasma waves. It is shown that weak beam instability could generate the modulated Langmuir wave and the ambient magnetic field plays an important role in the formation of modulation. When the weak beam has loss cone distribution, highly modulated upper hybrid waves are generated and propagate with large angle to the ambient magnetic field. The properties of these modulated waves are discussed and compared with observations.