Temporal evolution analysis of storm-enhanced density during an intense magnetic storm on March 2015

An intense Storm Enhancement Density (SED) event with the magnetic storm occurred on 17–24 March 2015 has been investigated. The morphological character of the SED during different phase of the magnetic storm is examined and compared with the non-storm time. Three intensity indexes, i.e., “general” SED index, “heavy” SED index and “severe” SED index, are defined to represent the intensity of SED respectively represented by the numbers of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) grids with TEC > 60 TECu, TEC > 80 TECu and TEC > 100 TECu. The temporal evolution of the SED intensity indexes during a time span covering the non-storm time and the magnetic storm time have also been investigated. The SED exhibits a shape with two parallel slender troughs in the middle and low latitudes during the non-storm time and then gradually develops into an ellipse structure as the development of magnetic storm. The intensity of SED and the fluctuation of the TEC evolution are generally corresponding to the fluctuation of Dst index. The analyzing results enrich our understanding of the temporal and spatial evolution of the ionospheric SED.     

面向多电飞机的脉冲波形下局部放电规律

为满足多电飞机（MEA）的大功率用电需求，系统工作电压需要进一步提高，而较高电压会增加相关部件的绝缘失效风险。面向多电飞机特定工作场景和参数，搭建了模拟飞机电作动器中的绕组间绝缘故障测试平台，开展了1 kHz范围内的局部放电（PD）大量重复实验，研究了特定电压幅值、正弦波和方波脉冲波形下局部放电幅值、放电重复率和放电相位等统计特征，并计算评估了不同频率值下多电飞机中的局部放电行为。实验结果表明：在设定频域范围内，方波脉冲下的起始放电电压（PDIV）都低于正弦，方波脉冲波形对绝缘影响更大；随着频率升高，放电幅值逐渐降低，但放电重复率几乎呈线性增长；放电时刻集中于上升沿/下降沿末端。以50 Hz作为对比基准频率，1 kHz时的放电幅值降低80%，而放电重复率增加11.92倍，较高频率下多次累积的小幅值击穿成为威胁绝缘失效的主要原因。计算分析认为高频下空间电荷场强变化导致的放电延迟时间减少和周期数目增加分别导致局部放电脉冲幅值降低和放电重复率增加。本实验结果有助于针对多电飞机电气系统和相关装备开展针对性绝缘测试和评估，并有望为多电飞机向大功率高电压方向的设计提供参考和借鉴。     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

复杂电磁环境辐射-散射耦合场快速预估方法

针对复杂电磁环境中目标散射体和干扰辐射源同时存在,影响目标回波散射场的问题,提出了一种基于辐射源方向图和极化散射矩阵数据的耦合场快速预估方法。利用可提前独立获取和加载的辐射源方向图及目标各个方向的散射数据,实现了辐射-散射耦合场景下空间总电磁场的近实时快速预估。仿真计算了辐射源与散射体不同距离和相对强度下场景的总电场变化情况,验证了辐射-散射耦合效应对目标回波场存在显著影响。无需使用电磁计算方法对场景进行重新计算,满足复杂电磁环境内场仿真试验对实时提供数据的需求,具有工程应用价值。      

先进飞机平台天线孔径综合的总体设计技术

电子信息系统的综合一体化是先进平台的典型特征,天线孔径综合将众多分立的天线单元/阵列进行整合,可显著地缩减平台天线数量,改善平台的气动和隐身性能。天线孔径综合需要满足小尺寸、高性能、低耦合等诸多要求,是射频综合系统的主要难点之一。以先进飞机平台为例,介绍天线孔径综合的总体设计技术,主要包括天线孔径综合的总体思路、电磁兼容性的考虑和典型天线样机的研制。     

基于动态特征选择的遥感图像目标检测算法

在遥感图像目标检测领域内,旋转物体的检测存在挑战,卷积神经网络在提取信息时会受制于固定的空间结构,采样点无法聚焦于目标;遥感图像尺度变化大,不同物体需要具有不同尺度感受野的特征映射,具有单一尺度感受野的特征映射无法包含所有有效信息。基于此,提出了可变形对齐卷积,根据候选边框调节采样点,并根据特征映射学习采样点的细微偏移,使采样点聚焦于目标,从而实现动态特征选择;同时提出了基于可变形对齐卷积的感受野自适应模块,对具有不同尺度感受野的特征映射进行融合,自适应地调整神经元的感受野。在公开数据集上的大量实验验证了所提算法可以提高遥感图像目标检测的精度。      

等离子体鞘套对C波段通信信号传输影响的试验

飞行器在稠密大气层超音速飞行时,由于其周围形成等离子体鞘套对通信信号的屏蔽或能量大幅度衰减效应,可使飞行器与地面间通信产生中断.以等离子体鞘套对通信信号透射相位改变和能量吸收为基本出发点,以高温激波管试验装置产生的、生存时间为几百微秒量级的等离子体鞘套为研究对象,利用四进制相移键控（QPSK,Quaternary Phase Shift Keying）调制、载波频率为7.5GHz的信号生成与测量系统获取有无等离子体鞘套时信号相位特征、眼图特征、图像传输等的对比试验结果,利用矢量网络分析系统E8362B获取了有无等离子体鞘套时透射能量衰减对比试验结果.试验结果不仅进一步证明了等离子体鞘套对通信信号能量大幅度衰减将不同程度影响飞行器与地面的正常通信;同时表明等离子体鞘套能够使QPSK信号相位特征产生改变,从而在信号解调解码后眼图特征产生严重畸变,通信系统误码率P_e 大大提高,最终导致接收端无法复现发送端发送的原始信息.     

Coordinated adaptive beamformer over distributed antenna network

The spatial diversity of distributed network demands the individual filter to accommodate the topology of interference environment. In this paper, a type of distributed adaptive beamformer is proposed to mitigate interference over coordinated antenna arrays network. The proposed approach is formulated as generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure to facilitate the convex combination of neighboring nodes’ weights, and then it is solved by unconstrained least mean square (LMS) algorithm due to simplicity. Numerical results show that the robustness and convergence rate of antenna arrays network can be significantly improved in strong interference scenario. And they also clearly illustrate that mixing vector is optimized adaptively and adjusted according to the spatial diversity of the distributed nodes which are placed in different power of received signals to interference ratio (SIR) environments.     

An approach for parameter estimation of combined CPPM and LFM radar signal

In this paper, the problem of parameter estimation of the combined radar signal adopting chaotic pulse position modulation (CPPM) and linear frequency modulation (LFM), which can be widely used in electronic countermeasures, is addressed. An approach is proposed to estimate the initial frequency and chirp rate of the combined signal by exploiting the second-order cyclostationarity of the intra-pulse signal. In addition, under the condition of the equal pulse width, the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the combined signal is predicted using the low-order Volterra adaptive filter. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed cyclic autocorrelation Hough transform (CHT) algorithm is theoretically tolerant to additive white Gaussian noise. When the value of signal noise to ratio (SNR) is less than 4 dB, it can still estimate the intra-pulse parameters well. When SNR = 3 dB, a good prediction of the PRI sequence can be achieved by the Volterra adaptive filter algorithm, even only 100 training samples.     

Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.