复杂电磁环境辐射-散射耦合场快速预估方法

针对复杂电磁环境中目标散射体和干扰辐射源同时存在,影响目标回波散射场的问题,提出了一种基于辐射源方向图和极化散射矩阵数据的耦合场快速预估方法。利用可提前独立获取和加载的辐射源方向图及目标各个方向的散射数据,实现了辐射-散射耦合场景下空间总电磁场的近实时快速预估。仿真计算了辐射源与散射体不同距离和相对强度下场景的总电场变化情况,验证了辐射-散射耦合效应对目标回波场存在显著影响。无需使用电磁计算方法对场景进行重新计算,满足复杂电磁环境内场仿真试验对实时提供数据的需求,具有工程应用价值。      

先进飞机平台天线孔径综合的总体设计技术

电子信息系统的综合一体化是先进平台的典型特征,天线孔径综合将众多分立的天线单元/阵列进行整合,可显著地缩减平台天线数量,改善平台的气动和隐身性能。天线孔径综合需要满足小尺寸、高性能、低耦合等诸多要求,是射频综合系统的主要难点之一。以先进飞机平台为例,介绍天线孔径综合的总体设计技术,主要包括天线孔径综合的总体思路、电磁兼容性的考虑和典型天线样机的研制。     

基于动态特征选择的遥感图像目标检测算法

在遥感图像目标检测领域内,旋转物体的检测存在挑战,卷积神经网络在提取信息时会受制于固定的空间结构,采样点无法聚焦于目标;遥感图像尺度变化大,不同物体需要具有不同尺度感受野的特征映射,具有单一尺度感受野的特征映射无法包含所有有效信息。基于此,提出了可变形对齐卷积,根据候选边框调节采样点,并根据特征映射学习采样点的细微偏移,使采样点聚焦于目标,从而实现动态特征选择;同时提出了基于可变形对齐卷积的感受野自适应模块,对具有不同尺度感受野的特征映射进行融合,自适应地调整神经元的感受野。在公开数据集上的大量实验验证了所提算法可以提高遥感图像目标检测的精度。      

等离子体鞘套对C波段通信信号传输影响的试验

飞行器在稠密大气层超音速飞行时,由于其周围形成等离子体鞘套对通信信号的屏蔽或能量大幅度衰减效应,可使飞行器与地面间通信产生中断.以等离子体鞘套对通信信号透射相位改变和能量吸收为基本出发点,以高温激波管试验装置产生的、生存时间为几百微秒量级的等离子体鞘套为研究对象,利用四进制相移键控（QPSK,Quaternary Phase Shift Keying）调制、载波频率为7.5GHz的信号生成与测量系统获取有无等离子体鞘套时信号相位特征、眼图特征、图像传输等的对比试验结果,利用矢量网络分析系统E8362B获取了有无等离子体鞘套时透射能量衰减对比试验结果.试验结果不仅进一步证明了等离子体鞘套对通信信号能量大幅度衰减将不同程度影响飞行器与地面的正常通信;同时表明等离子体鞘套能够使QPSK信号相位特征产生改变,从而在信号解调解码后眼图特征产生严重畸变,通信系统误码率P_e 大大提高,最终导致接收端无法复现发送端发送的原始信息.     

Coordinated adaptive beamformer over distributed antenna network

The spatial diversity of distributed network demands the individual filter to accommodate the topology of interference environment. In this paper, a type of distributed adaptive beamformer is proposed to mitigate interference over coordinated antenna arrays network. The proposed approach is formulated as generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure to facilitate the convex combination of neighboring nodes’ weights, and then it is solved by unconstrained least mean square (LMS) algorithm due to simplicity. Numerical results show that the robustness and convergence rate of antenna arrays network can be significantly improved in strong interference scenario. And they also clearly illustrate that mixing vector is optimized adaptively and adjusted according to the spatial diversity of the distributed nodes which are placed in different power of received signals to interference ratio (SIR) environments.     

An approach for parameter estimation of combined CPPM and LFM radar signal

In this paper, the problem of parameter estimation of the combined radar signal adopting chaotic pulse position modulation (CPPM) and linear frequency modulation (LFM), which can be widely used in electronic countermeasures, is addressed. An approach is proposed to estimate the initial frequency and chirp rate of the combined signal by exploiting the second-order cyclostationarity of the intra-pulse signal. In addition, under the condition of the equal pulse width, the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the combined signal is predicted using the low-order Volterra adaptive filter. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed cyclic autocorrelation Hough transform (CHT) algorithm is theoretically tolerant to additive white Gaussian noise. When the value of signal noise to ratio (SNR) is less than 4 dB, it can still estimate the intra-pulse parameters well. When SNR = 3 dB, a good prediction of the PRI sequence can be achieved by the Volterra adaptive filter algorithm, even only 100 training samples.     

Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.     

A novel system parameters design and performance analysis method for Distributed Satellite-borne SAR system

As a promising new technology emerged in recent years, the Distributed Satellite-borne SAR (DSS) system with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imaging capability has been recognized by the remote sensing community as an integrated part of the spaceborne earth observation system. However, most researches on DSS were focused on individual aspects of system design/analysis and data processing, while few studies have been dedicated to establishing a standard methodological framework for universal DSS system design. Aiming at this problem, the topics of DSS system error analysis and design method are investigated in this paper. Firstly, a rigorous error propagation model of height measurement is theoretically derived from the DSS InSAR imaging geometry, and the impact of each error sources in this model on the height measurement accuracy is analyzed individually. In particular, the baseline length and its measurement error in the InSAR imaging plane are identified as the dominant factors. Second, a new method for DSS system design is proposed based on our analyses with the error propagation model. This method consists of two important phases, namely collaboration design and monostatic design. The major objective of collaboration design is to determine the configuration and parameters for the coordination between satellites in the DSS system. Afterwards, the key parameters for single satellite and the payload are determined by the monostatic design. Thirdly, a system performance analysis method is developed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the pre-designed DSS system. In the next section, a typical example of DSS system design is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system design and analysis methods. The target DSS system has the same goal and hardware configuration as the TanDEM-X mission. Finally, the conclusion is drawn with our major findings are presented.     

基于MEDLL的分级搜索抗多径算法

以多径估计延迟锁定环路(MEDLL)为代表的参量式基带抗多径算法以其能够同时估计直达信号和多径信号各参数而受到广泛关注,然而该类算法估计精度的提高是以计算复杂度的增加为代价的。为了在保证估计精度的同时降低资源消耗并加快搜索速度,提出了一种MEDLL最大似然(ML)估计搜索方法,将粗搜索后得到的参数估计值作为下一级搜索的先验信息,缩小搜索范围后减小搜索步进,完成逐级精细的参数估计。推导了原始MEDLL及树状分级结构的MEDLL(T-MEDLL)算法计算复杂度表达式;其中在存在一路多径信号的情况下,对于0.01 chip的多径延迟分辨率,复杂度可以降低为传统盲搜索的30%~50%。进一步基于自研的数字中频(IF)GPS信号模拟器和软件GPS接收机平台对不同多径情况下盲搜索法与分级搜索算法的参数估计精度及码伪距多径误差等性能进行了对比,验证了更低计算复杂度的T-MEDLL可以达到与传统MEDLL算法同样的跟踪精度。      

无阻力双星编队的满系数矩阵MIMO定量反馈控制

研究由两颗无阻力卫星构成的、用于重力场测量的松散式编队相对位置控制方法,主要解决编队控制所产生的非重力加速度在重力场测量频带内的干扰抑制问题。首先,选取双星位置中点作为编队系统质心,建立了考虑J2摄动项的双星相对动力学模型。然后,根据定量反馈理论（QFT）确定系统在频域内的跟踪性能、鲁棒稳定性、输入干扰抑制等约束。与当前常规的对角型QFT控制器设计方法不同,本文针对编队系统的多输入多输出（MIMO）通道强耦合特性,设计了更具一般性的满系数矩阵鲁棒控制器,不但实现了闭环控制回路整定、通道解耦和稳态收敛,还有效抑制了编队控制量功率谱在科学测量频带内的干扰。最后,通过在时域中的数字仿真校验了该方法控制器的有效性和鲁棒性。