火星车转移坡道柔顺性优化设计及动力学分析

对一种抽展式火星车转移坡道开展柔顺性优化设计和动力学分析。首先，分析火星车与存在异面角的坡道的挤压几何原理。然后，设计坡道的间隙机构和限位机构，并计算出机构关键设计参数的最优值，以自适应调整两侧坡道的距离，〖JP2〗减小火星车与坡道护栏之间的相互作用力。最后，对坡道下落过程和火星车在坡道上的行驶过程进行动力学仿真，验证坡道柔顺性优化设计的效果。结果表明：优化后的坡道柔顺性大幅提高，坡道可以自适应调整两侧的距离；使用优化后的坡道，可以有效降低火星车与坡道护栏的作用力，实现火星车在坡道上的安全行驶。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on surface quality for two-point incremental sheet forming with interpolator

The unsatisfied surface quality seriously impedes the wide application of incremental sheet forming (ISF) in industrial field. As a novel approach, the interpolator method is a promising strategy to enhance the surface quality in ISF. However, the mechanism for the improvement of surface quality and the influence of interpolator properties on surface roughness are not well understood. In this paper, the influences of process variables (i.e. tool diameter, step size and thickness of interpolators) on the forming process (e.g. surface roughness, forming force and geometric error) are investigated through a systematic experimental approach of central composite design (CCD) in two-point incremental sheet forming (TPIF). It is obtained that the increase in thickness of interpolators decreases the surface roughness in direction vertical to the tool path while increases the surface roughness in direction horizontal to the tool path. Nevertheless, the combined influence between thickness of interpolators and process parameters (tool diameter and step size) is limited. Meanwhile, the placement of interpolator has little influence on the effective forming force of blank. In addition, the geometric error enlarges with the increase of step size and thickness of interpolator while decreases firstly and then increase with an increase in tool diameter. Finally, the influencing mechanism of the interpolator method on surface quality can be attributed to the decrease of the contact pressure due to the increase of contact area with the unchanged contact force. Meanwhile, the interpolator method eliminates the sliding friction on the surface of blank due to the stable relative position between the blank and the interpolator.     

基于时标分解的弹性高超声速飞行器智能控制

考虑弹性高超声速飞行器纵向动力学模型，提出了一种基于时标分解的智能控制方法。考虑刚体状态和弹性模态具有不同的时标特性，采用奇异摄动理论进行快慢时标分解，将模型转换为刚体慢变子系统和弹性快变子系统。针对刚体子系统考虑动力学不确定，基于平行估计模型构造表征不确定逼近效果的预测误差，结合跟踪误差给出复合学习控制策略。针对弹性子系统设计自适应滑模控制稳定弹性模态。通过李雅普诺夫稳定性分析可证系统状态一致终值有界。仿真表明所提出的控制方法能够实现刚弹模态的稳定收敛，且具有更高的跟踪精度、更好的学习性能和更快的收敛速度。     

基于趋势符号聚合近似的卫星时序数据分类方法

作为在时间序列数据挖掘中广泛使用的主要符号化表示方法，符号聚合近似（SAX）使用段的平均值作为符号表示，由于无法区分具有不同趋势但具有相同平均值符号的不同时间序列，某些情况下可能会导致错误的分类。提出了一种改进的符号表示——趋势符号聚合近似（TrSAX），集成SAX与最小二乘法，用以描述时间序列的均值和斜率，并由此构建出BOTS分类器。此外，对卫星的模拟量遥测时序数据中的角度序列、转速序列、电流序列进行分析，并从UCR公开数据集中筛选出与3种序列类似的3个数据集进行分类实验验证。与应用了SAX和2个改进的SAX、经典的欧氏距离（ED）、动态时间规整（DTW）的1-NN分类方法进行对比，结果表明:提出的BOTS分类方法的分类错误率明显低于其他5种分类方法。      

基于有限Fourier级数的航天器转移轨迹设计

针对航天器小推力转移轨迹的初始设计问题，利用基于三阶Fourier级数的设计方法实现了航天器小推力的多圈转移。同时，基于有限Fourier级数的形状法，对具有多个约束条件的小推力多圈转移轨迹进行了优化设计。选取了共面同轴同偏心率的初始和末端轨道位置，对所提出的方法进行了仿真验证。结果表明：与改进逆五阶多项式形状法相比，所提出的方法虽然增加了转移时间，但当转移圈数为5圈、有限Fourier级数的项数为10时，可减少将近75%的转移速度增量，同时大大减小了所需的最大推力加速度的值。     

功率级无刷直流电动机四象限运行模拟器设计

针对无刷直流电动机（BLDCM）驱动控制器在研发过程中全工况测试困难、测试成本高和研发周期长的问题，提出了一种采用分区间采样和解算方法的、具有四象限运行能力的功率级（PHIL）无刷直流电动机模拟器，替代实物电动机和机械负载装置完成对两两导通控制方式下无刷直流电动机驱动控制器的各项性能测试与可靠性试验。该模拟器由实时仿真器、电动机模拟变换器和多级式双向变换器3部分组成，实时仿真器负责采集被测电动机驱动控制器输出的PWM电压，实时解算电动机模型得到三相电流指令，控制电动机模拟变换器生成三相电流，多级式双向变换器负责维持模拟器输入、输出间的能量平衡关系，从而实现对四象限运行时无刷直流电动机的功率级模拟。实验结果表明:所提出的功率级无刷直流电动机模拟器模拟精度高、实时性好、测试灵活，能够有效替代实物电动机和机械负载装置，满足电动机驱动控制器的测试需求。      

基于动态补偿的多电机控制算法

多电机协调控制达到转速一致是电机控制中的一个关键难题，外加负载变动和电机参数变化时会引起电机性能的下降，达不到良好的控制效果。为使电机间保持转速同步，建立了永磁同步电机d-q坐标系下的矢量控制数学模型，基于转速跟随控制，提出一种基于单神经元PID的变增益速度补偿器进行偏差耦合控制。在MATLAB/Simulink建立了3台永磁同步电机的仿真模型。仿真结果表明，与传统PID固定增益速度补偿器算法相比，单神经元PID的变增益速度补偿器具有更强的鲁棒性以及更快的收敛性。     

Evasion guidance algorithms for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles in three-player pursuit-evasion games

In practical combat scenario, the cooperative intercept strategies are often carefully designed, and it is challenging for the hypersonic vehicles to achieve successful evasion. Based on the analysis, it can be found that if several Successive Pursuers come from the Same Direction (SPSD) and flight with a proper spacing, the evasion difficulty may increase greatly. To address this problem, we focus on the evasion guidance strategy design for the Air-breathing Hypersonic Vehicles (AHVs) under the SPSD combat scenario. In order to avoid the induced influence on the scramjet, altitude and speed of the vehicle, the lateral maneuver and evasion are employed. To guarantee the remnant maneuver ability, the concept of specified miss distance is introduced and utilized to generate the guidance command for the AHV. In the framework of constrained optimal control, the analytical expression of the evasion command is derived, and the constraints of the overload can be ensured to be never violated. In fact, by analyzing the spacing of the pursers, it can be classified whether the cooperative pursuit is formed. For the coordination-unformed multiple pursers, the evasion can be achieved lightly by the proposed strategy. If the coordination is formed, the proposed method will generate a large reverse direction maneuver, and the successful evasion can be maintained as a result. The performance of the proposed algorithms is tested in numerical simulations.     

基于M-K模型的TA15钛合金高温成形极限

为了探究TA15钛合金高温环境下的成形极限，明确本构方程中参数对成形极限的影响规律，建立了考虑高温软化效应TA15钛合金高温环境下的本构关系，利用高温成形极限试验平台及M-K失稳理论对TA15钛合金板高温环境下的成形极限分别进行了试验测试及理论预测。理论预测结果表明当温度从800℃提升至880℃时，平面应变状态下的极限主应变由0.18提升至0.33。基于M-K失稳理论和建立的高温本构模型，分析了本构方程中的参数对成形极限的影响规律，结果表明提高加工硬化指数、速率敏感因子及减小软化因子，均可以提升应变强化率的大小，进一步延缓沟槽内应变状态趋于平面应变状态，从而提升理论成形极限曲线在应变空间中的位置。此外，理论计算结果表明速率敏感因子对成形极限曲线的左侧影响程度要大于其对右侧部分的影响，该现象主要归因于速率敏感因子对不同应变大小下的应变强化率的影响不同。      

Feasibility evaluation of failure models for predicting forming limit of metal foils

Forming limit of metal foil is an important index to evaluate its formability, and is of considerable significance to improve the quality of products. The ductile fracture (DF) behavior in microscale plastic deformation is remarkably affected by the geometry and grain size. To explore the size-dependent forming limit curve (FLC), the Holmberg and Marciniak tests of SUS304 foils with the thicknesses of less than 0.1 mm and diverse grain sizes were performed. In addition, the validity and feasibility of three types of existing failure models including Swift/Hill, Marciniak-Kuczynski (M-K) and DF criteria for predicting the micro-scaled FLCs were discussed. It is found that the Swift/Hill model possesses the worst accuracy with predicting deviation above 50%. Four classical DF criteria including Freudenthal, Ayada, Brozzo and Oh show great difference, and Oh model considering plastic anisotropy presents the best precision. The predicted deviation of M-K model is aggravated with increasing grain size and decreasing foil thickness, which is attributed to the intensified free surface roughening and transformation of fracture mechanism with miniaturization. This research thus provides a deeper understanding and valuable reference for the widespread application of FLC in microforming.