Equilibrium attitude and stability of a spacecraft on a stationary orbit around an asteroid

The stationary orbits around an asteroid, if exist, can be used for communication and navigation purposes just as around the Earth. The equilibrium attitude and stability of a rigid spacecraft on a stationary orbit around a uniformly-rotating asteroid are studied. The linearized equations of attitude motion are obtained under the small motion assumption. Then, the equilibrium attitude is determined in both cases of a general and a symmetrical spacecraft. Due to the higher-order inertia integrals of the spacecraft, the equilibrium attitude is slightly away from zero Euler angles. Then necessary conditions of stability of this conservative system are analyzed based on the linearized equations of motion. The effects of different parameters, including the harmonic coefficients C₂₀ and C₂₂ of the asteroid and higher-order inertia integrals of the spacecraft, on the stability are assessed and compared. Due to the significantly non-spherical shape and rapid rotation of the asteroid, the effects of the harmonic coefficients C₂₀ and C₂₂ are very significant, while effects of the third- and fourth-order inertia integrals of the spacecraft can be neglected. Considering a spacecraft on a stationary orbit around an example asteroid, we show that the classical stability domain predicted by the Beletskii–DeBra–Delp method on a circular orbit in a central gravity field is modified due to the non-spherical mass distribution of the asteroid. Our results are confirmed by a numerical simulation.     

运载火箭姿态系统自适应神经网络容错控制

针对运载火箭姿态系统跟踪问题,考虑干扰、执行器故障和模型不确定因素的影响,设计了一种基于自适应神经网络的非线性容错控制律。该控制算法结合了连续的终端滑模控制,径向基神经网络和自适应控制方法。首先,基于滑模控制理论,设计了一种快速终端滑模面,保证系统跟踪误差能够在有限时间收敛至零。然后,在终端滑模面基础上,提出了一种基于自适应径向基神经网络估计的终端滑模控制律。利用自适应参数的神经网络逼近系统参数并提高抗干扰性能,采用平滑连续控制策略消除了终端滑模中的颤动现象。通过李雅普诺夫的分析方法证明了闭环系统的收敛性和全局稳定性。采用数值仿真,验证了提出的基于自适应径向基神经网络的终端滑模控制律具有较好的跟踪性能和精度。     

基于拉盖尔函数的卫星姿态预测控制方法

针对卫星在空间站中进行绕飞检测时的姿态控制问题，考虑卫星的姿态轴需要躲避禁飞区域并指向期望位置，提出了一种基于拉盖尔函数的模型预测控制方法，实现了对卫星姿态轴的控制。在模型预测控制方法的基础上，通过拉盖尔函数，将优化多个控制输入转换为优化少数的拉盖尔系数，建立了拉盖尔模型预测的控制策略，改善了传统的模型预测控制方法计算效率差的问题，减少了优化时间。采用卫星在空间站中绕飞的模型进行数值仿真验证，结果表明该方法能够使卫星的姿态轴躲避禁飞区并到达指定位置。与传统方法相比，这种基于拉盖尔函数的模型预测控制策略能够提高优化效率，减少计算时间。     

Improved NSGA-II Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm Based on Hybridization-encouraged Mechanism

To improve performances of multi-objective optimization algorithms, such as convergence and diversity, a hybridization- encouraged mechanism is proposed and realized in elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm （NSGA-Ⅱ）. This mechanism uses the normalized distance to evaluate the difference among genes in a population. Three possible modes of crossover operators--＂Max Distance＂, ＂Min-Max Distance＂, and ＂Neighboring-Max＂--are suggested and analyzed. The mode of ＂Neighboring-Max＂, which not only takes advantage of hybridization but also improves the distribution of the population near Pareto optimal front, is chosen and used in NSGA-Ⅱ on the basis of hybridization-encouraged mechanism （short for HEM-based NSGA-Ⅱ）. To prove the HEM-based algorithm, several problems are studied by using standard NSGA-Ⅱ and the presented method. Different evaluation criteria are also used to judge these algorithms in terms of distribution of solutions, convergence, diversity, and quality of solutions. The numerical results indicate that the application of hybridization-encouraged mechanism could effectively improve the performances of genetic algorithm. Finally, as an example in engineering practices, the presented method is used to design a longitudinal flight control system, which demonstrates the obtainability of a reasonable and correct Pareto front.     

导引头量测故障下的增量式三维制导律设计

考虑导引头量测故障下拦截机动目标的末制导问题,以提高制导系统的鲁棒性、降低制导增益、减小系统残差、避免视线角速率剧烈振荡/发散为目的,基于增量式控制方法设计了一种具有鲁棒增强特性的三维末制导律。首先,将末制导问题转化为零化视线角速率的控制问题。其次,通过弹目相对距离及视线角速率定义辅助变量,给出传统的滑模制导律作为设计参考。然后,基于增量式非线性动态逆滑模控制方法,充分挖掘视线角加速度估计信息及上一采样时刻的制导指令,得到增量式三维鲁棒制导律。最后,在目标机动及导引头量测故障下,分析并比较了两种制导律所产生的系统残差。理论分析及多工况仿真结果表明,增量式制导律不仅对目标机动及大范围失效的导引头量测故障具有强鲁棒性,而且所需制导增益也较小,同时避免了末端视线角速率严重发散的问题     

一类空间对称6R机构的运动学研究及组合应用

可展开平板机构已广泛应用于平板天线、太阳翼等航天机构产品。为提高可展开平板机构的刚度和展收比,将空间对称6R机构应用于可展开平板机构设计。首先,根据约束条件,计算后给出了一种空间3R运动链的几何参数关系;然后,结合螺旋理论,分析了该3R运动链的约束螺旋系;进而根据对称性,研究了空间对称6R机构的自由度、奇异性等运动特征;在此基础上,提出了一种特殊的空间对称6R转动机构;最后,研究了空间对称6R机构的组合方法,设计出一种新型单自由度可展开平板组合机构,并对其进行了运动学仿真验证。该可展机构具有二维方向的展开收拢能力,为可展开平板机构的创新设计提供了有益参考。     

Sliding mode control based guidance law with impact angle constraint

The terminal guidance problem for an unpowered lifting reentry vehicle against a sta- tionary target is considered. In addition to attacking the target with high accuracy, the vehicle is also expected to achieve a desired impact angle. In this paper, a sliding mode control （SMC）-based guidance law is developed to satisfy the terminal angle constraint. Firstly, a specific sliding mode function is designed, and the terminal requirements can be achieved by enforcing both the sliding mode function and its derivative to zero at the end of the flight. Then, a backstepping approach is used to ensure the finite-time reaching phase of the sliding mode and the analytic expression of the control effort can be obtained. The trajectories generated by this method only depend on the initial and terminal conditions of the terminal phase and the instantaneous states of the vehicle. In order to test the performance of the proposed guidance law in practical application, numerical simulations are carried out by taking all the aerodynamic parameters into consideration. The effec- tiveness of the proposed guidance law is verified by the simulation results in various scenarios.     

A practical nonlinear robust control approach of electro-hydraulic load simulator

This paper studies a nonlinear robust control algorithm of the electro-hydraulic load simulator （EHLS）. The tracking performance of the EHLS is mainly limited by the actuator＇s motion disturbance, flow nonlinearity, and friction, etc. The developed controller is developed based on the nonlinear motion loading model. The problems of the actuator＇s disturbance and flow nonlinearity are considered. To address the friction problem, the friction model of the loading motor is identified experimentally. The friction disturbance is compensated using the obtained friction model. Therefore, this paper considers the main three factors comprehensively. The developed algorithm is easy to apply since the controller can be obtained just with one step back-stepping design. The stability of the developed algorithm is proven via Lyapunov analysis. Both co-simulation and experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of this method.     

Accuracy enhancement of the spherical actuator with a two-level geometric calibration method

This paper presents a two-level geometric calibration method for the permanent magnet （PM） spherical actuator to improve its motion control accuracy. The proposed actuator is com- posed of a stator with circumferential coils and a rotor with multiple PM poles. Due to the assembly and fabrication errors, the real geometric parameters of the actuator will deviate from their design values. Hence, the identification of such errors is critical for the motion control tasks. A two-level geometric calibration approach is proposed to identify such errors. In the first level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of the kinematic equation, which is to identify the geometric errors in the spherical joint. In the second level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of torque formula, which is to calibrate the geometric parameters of the magnetization axes of PM poles and coils axes. To demonstrate the robustness and availability of the calibration algorithm, simulations are conducted. The results have shown that the proposed two-level calibration method can effectively compensate the geometric parameter errors and improve the positioning accuracy of the spherical actuator.     

多种失效模式相关的机构运动可靠度计算方法

机构运动中必然存在多种相关失效模式,多为影响机构运动的各类随机变量函数.为了在机构运动可靠性分析中有效考虑多种相关失效模式的影响,建立了考虑多种失效模式相关条件下的机构运动可靠度计算模型,并实现了对多种失效模式相关条件下的机构运动可靠度计算模型的求解,为考虑多种相关失效模式下的机构运动可靠性分析提供了一种有效途径.以6408滚动轴承为例,进行100 000抽样计算,考虑失效模式相关条件下运动可靠度为95.998 9%.该方法精度较高,具有一定的理论意义和应用价值.