Receptivity and structural sensitivity study of the wide vaneless diffuser flow with adjoint method

The stability of the flow in the vaneless diffuser of a centrifugal compressor is studied with the linear theory. The characteristics of direct and adjoint perturbation modes are investigated, and the receptivity of the instability mode to momentum forcing or mass injection is identified based on the adjoint modes. Analysis shows that the perturbation with the largest amplitude is located at the outlet of the vaneless diffuser, while the highest-receptivity region is located in the middle of the vaneless diffuser along the radial direction. The large difference between the direct and adjoint modes indicates that the instability mechanism cannot be identified from a study of either eigenmode separately. Therefore, the structural sensitivity analysis is adopted to study the feedback of the instability mode. The structural sensitivity of the eigenvalue which is proportional to the perturbation pressure and velocity is used to explain the mechanism of flow control for the vaneless diffuser.     

基于相位差的转轴扭矩测量中的零位识别与处理

提出了一种基于相位差原理的转轴扭矩测量中的零位识别与处理方法。采用两路反射式模拟输出激光光强传感器和对应的反射色带，形成两路标准的正弦信号，通过同步采样和幅度归一化处理，得到两路信号的瞬时相位差，并依此实现对转轴扭矩载荷的测试，克服了以往基于脉冲信号测量中无法在静态条件下进行零位校正的困难。对该系统实现的关键技术和参数进行了分析，通过模拟信号输入和标准扭转试验台验证了本文所提出的方法的应用效果。理论和实验结果表明，该方法不需要转轴转动，就可以准确识别其零位，从而大大降低了该技术在现场使用中的调校要求。     

Long-term dynamics of the inner Jovian electron radiation belts

Long-term variations of total Jovian synchrotron emission are well known to vary slowly in time. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these variations, they can be solar wind driven and/or induced by the geometrical effect of the declination of the Earth in the jovicentric coordinates, D_E. However, until now, not any of them have been definitely proved. We propose here to investigate, this long-term dynamics based on appropriate simulation from a 3D model, Salammbô-3D. This model has been developed to study spatial distribution of electrons in the inner Jovian radiation belts. We will carry out two different approaches, the first one being based on synchrotron simulation from the Salammbô code and the second one being based on GALILEO EPD measurements. Two-dimensional images of Jupiter synchrotron emission can be obtained from our model, for any geometrical configuration (λ_III(CML), D_E). Comparisons show a good agreement between modeling results and VLA observations. With Salammbô-3D, we can also study long-term variations of total Jovian synchrotron emission. The role of the two geometrical factors, λ_III(CML) and D_E, will be analyzed. First, we will present beaming curves (evolution of Jovian synchrotron emission in terms of λ_III(CML)), resulting from the simulation to validate the geometry of the system in the code. Then, the evolution of the non-thermal flux density of synchrotron emission, in terms of D_E, joviographic declination of the Earth, will be studied. With the help of simulations resulting from Salammbô-3D, we will try to discriminate between geometrical induced variations and natural dynamics. On the other hand we will investigate on GALILEO EPD measurements from 1995 until now, restricted to 5–10 Rj, to find out any similarity with the long-term variations of non-thermal flux density of synchrotron emission.     

Autonomous broadcast ephemeris improvement for GNSS using inter-satellite ranging measurements

This paper discusses the concept of using inter-satellite ranging (ISR) measurements of the satellites of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for autonomous broadcast ephemeris improvement. Firstly the inter-satellite ranging is modeled to obtain the clock and orbit error observables. The orbit error observable is analyzed and its observation equation is provided. Both least-squares estimation and Kalman Filter approach are proposed to estimate satellite clock errors, while solely the Kalman Filter is used to estimate the orbit errors. All these algorithms are validated using true broadcast ephemeris and precise ephemeris of GPS along with the simulated ranging noise. Based on the settings adopted in the test, the result shows that the orbit accuracy of the precise ephemeris using the proposed method is around 20–50 cm and the accuracy of the satellite clock can reach 20 cm while ranging noise is assumed to be 0.45 m (1σ). The User Ranging Error (URE) is improved from 1.05 m to 0.34 m, which is comparable to other sources of precise ephemeris or even better, while the proposed approach has many advantages such as compatibility and accessibility. It is also noted that the proposed method may provide useful functions in determining inter-constellation coordinate and time differences autonomously for better interoperability and interchangeability in the multi GNSS operation era.     

A New Probabilistic Transformation in Generalized Power Space

The mapping from the belief to the probability domain is a controversial issue, whose original purpose is to make (hard) decision, but for contrariwise to erroneous widespread idea/claim, this is not the only interest for using such mappings nowadays. Actually the probabilistic transformations of belief mass assignments are very useful in modern multitarget multisensor tracking systems where one deals with soft decisions, especially when precise belief structures are not always available due to the existence of uncertainty in human being's subjective judgments. Therefore, a new probabilistic transformation of interval-valued belief structure is put forward in the generalized power space, in order to build a subjective probability measure from any basic belief assignment defined on any model of the frame of discernment. Several examples are given to show how the new transformation works and we compare it to the main existing transformations proposed in the literature so far. Results are provided to illustrate the rationality and efficiency of this new proposed method making the decision problem simpler.     

Ares I–X Flight Test Vehicle similitude to the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle

The Ares I–X Flight Test Vehicle is the first in a series of flight test vehicles that will take the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle design from development to operational capability. Ares I–X is scheduled for a 2009 flight date, early enough in the Ares I design and development process so that data obtained from the flight can impact the design of Ares I before its Critical Design Review. Decisions on Ares I–X scope, flight test objectives, and FTV fidelity were made prior to the Ares I systems requirements being baselined. This was necessary in order to achieve a development flight test to impact the Ares I design. Differences between the Ares I–X and the Ares I configurations are artifacts of formulating this experimental project at an early stage and the natural maturation of the Ares I design process. This paper describes the similarities and differences between the Ares I–X Flight Test Vehicle and the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle. Areas of comparison include the outer mold line geometry, aerosciences, trajectory, structural modes, flight control architecture, separation sequence, and relevant element differences. Most of the outer mold line differences present between Ares I and Ares I–X are minor and will not have a significant effect on overall vehicle performance. The most significant impacts are related to the geometric differences in Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle at the forward end of the stack. These physical differences will cause differences in the flow physics in these areas. Even with these differences, the Ares I–X flight test is poised to meet all five primary objectives and six secondary objectives. Knowledge of what the Ares I–X flight test will provide in similitude to Ares I—as well as what the test will not provide—is important in the continued execution of the Ares I–X mission leading to its flight and the continued design and development of Ares I.     

极大值Ⅰ型—正态模式结构可靠性的近似置信下限

对于两个分布参数都未知的极大值Ⅰ型－正态模型，在结构强度的方差比应力的方差大得多的条件下，给出了它的结构可靠性的近似置信下限。     

Compensation of gravitational attraction disturbance to pure gravity orbit for Inner Formation Flying System

The Inner Formation Flying System (IFFS) consisting of an outer satellite and an inner satellite which is a solid sphere proof mass freely flying in the shield cavity can construct a pure gravity orbit to precisely measure the earth gravity field. The gravitational attraction on the inner satellite due to the outer satellite is a significant disturbance source to the pure gravity orbit and is required to be limited to 10⁻¹¹ m s⁻² order. However, the gravitational disturbance force was on 10⁻⁹ m s⁻² order actually and must be reduced by dedicated compensation mass blocks. The region of relative motion of the inner satellite about its nominal position is within 1 cm in dimension, which raises the complexity of the compensation blocks design. The iterative design strategy of the compensation blocks based on reducing the gravitational attraction at the nominal position of the inner satellite is presented, aiming to guarantee the gravitational force in the relative motion region within requirements after the compensation. The compensation blocks are designed according to the current status of IFFS, and the gravitational disturbance force in the region is reduced to 10⁻¹¹ ms⁻² order with minimized adding mass.     

基于LSTM和CNN的高速柱塞泵故障诊断

针对高速轴向柱塞泵容易发生空化，且目前空化故障诊断方法存在依赖手工特征提取、鲁棒性不高的问题，提出了一种基于长短时记忆（LSTM）和一维卷积神经网络（1D-CNN）相结合的空化故障诊断方法。搭建了柱塞泵故障实验台，采集柱塞泵在不同空化等级下的壳体振动信号。利用LSTM和1D-CNN搭建的分类模型对不同进口压力情况下的振动信号进行空化等级识别。实验结果表明：提出的方法能够准确地识别出4类不同的空化等级，准确率高达99.5%，同时在不附加降噪方法的情况下，具有良好的鲁棒性，在0 dB信噪比的情况下，识别准确率高达87.3%。     

一种基于两级EKF的9D-MIMU/GPS微型无人机组合导航系统的鲁棒性设计

本文提出了一种基于两级EKF的9D-MIMU/GPS微型无人机组合导航系统的鲁棒性设计,针对磁强计在低成本微型无人机上应用时容易受到外界干扰,并影响导航系统其它状态量的准确估计的问题,解决了磁强计本身的制造误差、外界硬铁误差、软铁误差以及磁倾角等对导航系统的影响。实验表明,本文的设计能够有效校正磁强计原始测量数据中所包含的误差,并达到与商业导航模块相近的导航状态估计精度。