基于飞机性能的连续爬升程序建模和油耗分析

随着航线数量的不断增长和机场进离场交通的日渐繁忙,因管制压力造成的离场阶段改平飞行导致了飞机非必需的燃油消耗,为航空公司带来经济效益上的损失。为了减少平飞并实现快速离场,基于性能的导航(PBN)模式下的连续爬升运行(CCO)成为解决该问题的方式。介绍了BADA飞机性能模型的构建方法,并使用性能模型对CCO进行设计,并提出了前后CCO离场可能产生的冲突和解脱方法,结合实际航线对爬升时间和油耗进行了仿真分析,结果显示CCO离场能够缩短爬升时间,减少燃油消耗;在冲突发生时通过速度调整可以比阶梯爬升的方式更有效益。     

基于全局线性稳定性分析的翼尖双涡不稳定特征演化机理

相比于机翼产生的孤立翼尖涡,加装小翼之后的翼尖涡表现出双涡甚至多涡结构,并且呈现出更加复杂的不稳定特征。为揭示翼尖双涡结构不稳定特征及其演化机理,采用体视粒子图像测速（SPIV）技术和全局线性稳定性分析（LAS）方法对不同雷诺数和攻角下带双叉弯刀小翼的M6机翼产生的翼尖涡结构在尾迹区的不稳定特征进行研究。试验结果表明,对称布置的双叉弯刀小翼产生的翼尖涡包含上/下小翼产生的主涡（上/下主涡）结构,两者构成近似等强度的同转涡对,在相互靠近的同时以20 rad/s的角速度相互缠绕。对上/下主涡瞬时涡核位置的统计分析表明,翼尖涡摇摆幅值随流向位置逐渐增大,随雷诺数的增加而增大,随攻角的增加先增大后减小。对16倍弦长的尾迹截面处的翼尖双涡结构进行全局时间稳定性分析,不同工况下,上/下主涡最不稳定模态（模态P/模态S）的稳定性曲线变化规律与摇摆幅值的变化规律相一致,表明翼尖涡的摇摆源自于其内在的不稳定性特征。增加流向扰动波数,发现模态P切向波数逐渐增加;而模态S则是径向波数逐渐增加。不同工况下,模态P的切向波数为5~6,扰动波数分布在[2.75,5]的区间内,所对应的不稳定放大率均大于模态S,而不稳定放大率最大的模态扰动范围作用在上主涡的整个涡核区域,表明这种大切向波数的扰动模态在翼尖涡流控中的潜在价值,也意味着加装小翼会增加涡结构的个数,增强不稳定性的发展,有助于翼尖涡的快速失稳衰减。     

Surface morphology characterization of unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced plastic machined by peripheral milling

This paper aims to characterise surface morphology and 3D roughness parameters of unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced plastic（UD-CFRP） milled at 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° fibre orientation angles（FOAs）. Side milling experiments are conducted on UD-CFRP laminates. Surface damage forms and texture direction of milled surface are analysed. Spatial frequency of defects on CFRP surface is quantitatively determined using radially averaged 2D PSD. The kinematicdynamic surface topography is reconstructe...     

基于Levenberg-Marquardt算法的航空发动机模型求解混合算法

为了降低航空发动机非线性模型求解的收敛性要求,将模型非线性方程组的求解问题转化为最小二乘问题,提出了基于Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)算法的混合算法。为了使L-M算法跳出局部解,混合算法使用动力学方法修正局部解;为了提高计算效率,利用Broyden拟牛顿法加速L-M算法。以涡扇发动机为研究对象,应用混合算法、L-M算法、牛顿法和Broyden拟牛顿法进行稳态和瞬态仿真。结果表明：在稳态工况下,L-M算法和混合算法收敛范围更大,在随机初值条件下能达到90%以上的收敛率,远高于牛顿法和Broyden拟牛顿法不到20%的收敛率,且混合算法计算速度与Broyden拟牛顿法相当。在瞬态工况下,L-M算法和混合算法能够在牛顿法和Broyden拟牛顿法都不收敛的强瞬变工况收敛,且混合算法瞬态计算时间仅为Broyden拟牛顿法的1.13倍。仿真结果表明该算法在航空发动机模型求解上具有良好的适用性。     

星载光学敏感器受天体干扰的可能性分析

各种用途的星载光学敏感器均可能受到日、月、地等天体进入敏感区所形成的干扰.对光轴固定于星体的星敏感器,以及光轴在空间中保持方位不变的天文望远镜两类星载光学敏感器,根据敏感锥面和天体锥面之间的空间位置关系,导出了天体干扰的发生条件,给出了预测干扰发生时间的实用计算公式.      

The cockpit control language: a pilot-centered avionics interface

As automation becomes more sophisticated and complex, there is increasing concern about the time and cost of training pilots to use it, and the possibility of pilot errors. In this sense, the evolution of avionics systems is emulating the evolution of personal computers in the 1980s. In the early days of personal computing, users had to learn some basic computer science concepts and an obscure command language with only passing resemblance to natural language. Because the command language was highly codified and condensed, the user had to commit apparently arbitrary syntax rules to memory, and if the user made an error, such as reversing the source and destination drives in the “copy” command, the results could be catastrophic (in this case, erasing the file that was intended to be saved and saving the one that was intended to be erased).The personal computer industry responded to the widespread perception that computers were difficult to use by developing graphic user interfaces. Today, most users can perform rudimentary operations on a personal computer with little or no training or reference to the manual. It is possible that the same type of advance could be achieved with avionics systems, so that almost any trained pilot could operate a new piece of avionics with little or no training in its specific operation.     

Earth observation in agribusiness

Increasing concerns regarding food safety and quality from consumers in a climate of changes to the Common Agricultural Policy, and fluctuating prices, mean that the agribusiness market in Europe is undergoing unprecedented change. Agribusiness throughout the whole cycle of food production are experiencing increased pressure.     

The european aerospace industry: a key sector at the cross-roads

The present article is the text of the speech given by Javier Alvarez Vara, on the occasion of the AECMA (European Association of Aerospace Industries) Evening Lecture, 15th September 1998 in Brussels.     

Customers and actors of ATM: military users

The airspace users community encompasses a wide range of quite different interest groups involved either in Commercial Air Transport Operations, Military Operations, General Aviation & Aerial Work Operations or Test Flights & Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Operations. Military Aviation plays a special role among these airspace users because of its specific needs related to the type of ATM services requested and the priority of access to airspace.