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《Air & Space Europe》1999,1(1):42-44
Alternative Flight Management System (FMS) human interface concepts are becoming increasingly important to investigate as the complexities of understanding and operating this equipment continue to burden and confuse an already inundated pilot. Rockwell Collins, Inc. has designed an advanced FMS display/interface that will significantly reduce and/or eliminate human interface problems between users and the FMS. Results from human factors investigations for a limited set of FMS functions reveal statistically significant findings at the 95th level of confidence favoring the Advanced FMS Interface display format. The Advanced FMS Interface display format produced quicker reaction times and lower levels of mental workload than the a conventional Control Display Unit (CDU) type FMS.Furthermore, statistically significant findings at the 98th level of confidence for three subjective measures, Usability, Learnability, and Overall Attitude lean in favor of this type of FMS display format. These statistically significant findings lead us to believe that this Advanced FMS Interface display format has great potential for significantly reducing and/or eliminating human interface problems between users and the FMS while at the same time reducing pilot mental workload. 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,23(5-6):925-936
This review describes dynamical evidence for massive black holes (BHs) at the centers of galaxies. BHs appear to be a common if not ubiquitous feature of local galactic spheroids, with a mean mass that is roughly 0.5% of the parent stellar spheroid mass. This mass is large enough that the formation and evolution of central BHs has had a significant influence on the inner stellar density profile. For example, low-density, core-type profiles may have been created by the scouring action of binary BH pairs, whose orbital decay ejects stars from the center of the galaxy. Or, BHs may have grown substantially by gas accretion, pulling in surrounding stars and creating the cuspy cores and power laws that are seen in spheroids. If BHs are ubiquitous in galactic spheroids at the above mass ratio, their total local mass density is comparable to that implied by the energy density of QSO photons, suggesting that these local BHs are the long-sought fossil BHs of QSO central engines. However, QSOs are much rarer per unit co-moving volume than local BHs, unless one equates them to just the massive BHs found in rare and massive local spheroids. The resultant BH masses exceed typical QSO BH mass estimates by nearly a factor of 10, suggesting that BHs have grown in mass by roughly that factor since the QSO era. At least some of that growth might have occurred as protogalaxies grew in mass by mergers, and their BHs also merged and grew apace. 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1991,11(9):41-44
Impulsive plasma waves (1–9 kHz) with durations less than 100 msec have been found in DE-1 wide-band electric field data (650 Hz – 40 kHz) received at Kashima, Japan. The waves are associated with a strong narrow-band ELF hiss, and were observed at geocentric distances from 3.1 to 4.9 Re (earth's radius) in the low-latitude nightside magnetosphere. Local electron densities and plasmapause locations estimated suggest that the waves were observed outside the nightside plasmapause. The waves are discussed in terms of Landau resonant trapping of magnetospheric electrons by the associated whistler-mode ELF hiss. 相似文献
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A synchronous control of relative attitude and position is required in separated ultra-quiet spacecraft, such as drag-free, disturbance-free, and distributed spacecraft. Thus, a twistor-based synchronous sliding mode control is investigated in this paper to solve the control problem of relative attitude and position among separated spacecraft modules. The twistor-based control design and the stability proof are implemented using the Modified Rodrigues Parameter (MRP). To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control method, this paper presents a case study of separated spacecraft flying control considering the mass uncertainty and external disturbances. In addition, a simulation study of the Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is also presented for comparison. The results indicate that the twistor-based sliding mode controller can ensure global asymptotic stability. The states converge fast with ultra-precision and ultra-stability in both the attitude and position. Moreover, the proposed twistor-based sliding mode control system is robust to the mass uncertainty and external disturbances. 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2021,34(6):188-198
Micro-forging (MF) is a novel surface modification technology which is capable of smoothening and strengthening the workpiece surface simultaneously. Based on analysis of the mechanism and energy conversion of micro-forging process, an electromagnetically driven micro-forging system is developed. To further grasp the kinetic characteristic of the equipment, a simulation model is established and its accuracy is verified. With the help of simulation and experimental results, we propose an input voltage optimization method, which drives the micro-forging head moving in a uniform and stable way. In this study, the influence of MF on surface integrity of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) is firstly reported. Experimental results show that MF treatment reduces surface roughness (Ra) and increases micro-hardness by 48% and 11.8% at most, respectively. Besides, a compressive stress layer with an amplitude of −1000 MPa and a depth of 0.8 mm is observed. This study analyzes the performance and reveals the potential of micro-forging technology, which lays a solid foundation for expanding its application in TC4 surface modification. 相似文献
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在大型薄壁件镜像铣削加工中,由奇异点引起的旋转轴运动不连续会影响加工质量,降低加工效率。针对此问题,分析了镜像铣削加工奇异点存在的原因,提出了一种奇异区域内的刀具路径优化方法。首先,针对镜像铣削系统的铣削头和支撑头分别建立了其旋转轴运动学变换模型,推导旋转轴微分运动关系,据此分析奇异点存在的原因及其对加工质量和效率的影响,定义了机床行程内的奇异区域范围。分析结果表明在镜像铣削系统行程范围内,仅铣削头存在奇异区域,而支撑头不存在奇异区域。然后,在镜像铣削加工刀路约束条件下,基于刀路光顺性指标建立了刀路优化模型。通过在加工曲面参数域内对跨越铣削头奇异区域的刀路进行调整,使得优化后的刀路更加光顺,以提高加工精度和表面质量,减少奇异区域附近的加工时间。最后,通过镜像铣削加工实验验证所提方法的有效性。 相似文献
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