Numerical study of forced convective heat transfer around a spherical aerostat

Forced convective heat transfer is one of the major factors that dominate the thermal behaviors of aerostats. Due to the large physical size, the convection around an aerostat has high Reynolds numbers. The existing forced convective heat transfer correlations are limited to the Reynolds number lower than 10⁵, which are not appropriate for aerostat applications. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain a convective heat transfer correlation applicable to spherical aerostats at high Reynolds numbers. In this paper, steady convective heat transfer from an isothermal spherical aerostat is numerically investigated. The numerical simulation is carried out by commercial computational fluid dynamic software with the Reynolds number from 20 to 10⁸. The average Nusselt numbers are obtained and compared with those of available in literature. Based on regression and optimization with software, a new piecewise correlation of Nusselt number is proposed. The verification shows that the new correlation is reliable.     

多模型直接自适应执行器故障补偿控制系统

为了更快更好地补偿执行器故障带来的不确定性,发展了一种新的多模型自适应执行器故障补偿控制系统设计方法。首先,分析所有可能的执行器故障模式,得到故障模式集。再针对每一种故障模式,分别进行控制器设计,控制器设计时采用直接模型参考自适应执行器故障补偿控制方法进行设计。然后根据参数估计误差分别计算每种故障模式下系统的性能损失函数,选择性能损失最小的子系统对应的控制器作为当前的全局控制器。最后以飞行控制系统为例进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,所设计的多模型直接自适应执行器故障补偿系统闭环稳定,且有良好的跟踪性能。     

基于模态与遗传优化的某卡车振动特性分析

针对汽车驾驶室在常用高速(65～80 km/h)时,驾驶室左右晃动的振动问题,分别建立了车体、车体与板簧的系统模型,通过试验和仿真计算得到了其自由与约束状态下的振动模态分布,找到了驾驶室产生晃动的主要原因.以板簧刚度、车体刚度为变量,将约束模态分析与遗传算法相结合,对板簧和车体组成的系统进行了优化,并通过改进使常用车速下的驾驶室响应达到了舒适性要求.     

Lunar lander's three-dimensional translation and yaw rotation motion estimation during a descent phase using optical navigation

Optical navigation for a lunar lander consists of estimating a lander's 3-dimensional (3-D) relative dynamic motion with respect to a preselected landing site using a passive 2-dimensional (2-D) video image sequence. Lunar landing missions require a lander to perform an autonomous accurate landing with simple mechanical structure, easy operation and low cost. These requirements have motivated the need to develop an advanced navigation system. Existing navigation systems trade-off simplicity, accuracy and cost. High accuracy navigation systems typically imply complexity and high cost. In this paper, we consider a scenario where the descending phase starts from an initial altitude of 10 km with a time-of-descent of 100 s. The navigation camera is an off-the-shelf optical instrument used to take the video image sequence of the landing site during the landing phase. It is fed into the motion estimation algorithm to be processed. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used to analyse each image frame of the input digital video image sequence. The output is a 2-D video image motion trajectory map, which represents the projection motion of the landing site. The 2-D video image motion is projected back to the 3-D lander's relative motion based on a geometric analysis. The outputs of this estimation algorithm are the 3-D attitude motion parameters of the lander at a time corresponding to an image being taken. The attitude determination and control system (ADCS) of the lander uses these data to perform the lander's attitude control task. In this article, we provide the motion modelling for a lunar lander during the descending phase. The projection of a 3-D planar to 2-D image plane is analysed which build the correspondence between the 3-D lander's motion and the 2-D image motion. This link provides the evidence for the geometry analysis. CWT is reviewed and CWT for video image sequence analysis is also introduced. Numerical simulation of the estimated 2-D video image sequence under the lander performing a 3-D translation and yaw rotation during the terminal descent are shown to verify the proposed concepts. The analysis of the results show that the proposed method achieves highly accurate 2-D video image motion estimation of less then 1% error with significant savings of cost, mass and volume. It leads to the accurate estimation of the lander's 3-D relative motion with respect to the landing site.     

苏/俄交会对接技术研究

苏/俄交会对接技术的研发,最初是为20世纪60年代初苏联月球使命服务的,后来主要用于空间站的运输使命。因此,最初的＂联盟＂飞船逐步演变发展为联盟号载人飞船系列与进步号货运飞船系列。联盟号和进步号飞船应用＂指针＂或＂航向＂交会雷达系统,基本采用自动轨道交会方法。对应急运作,联盟号航天员可使用手控器;对于不载人的进步号使命...     

基于梯度方向二值模式特征的飞机翼尖跟踪技术

研究基于视频图像分析与定位的飞机翼尖跟踪技术,为飞机地面移动提供安全保障.现有图像特征进行翼尖跟踪经常失效且计算效率低下,本文结合纹理和轮廓信息,提出以梯度方向二值模式( OG_ LBP)为特征的粒子滤波跟踪算法,降低特征维数的同时建立局部和全局的翼尖特征直方图描述,提高识别效果.同时,该算法在粒子滤波基本框架之下,结...     

半虚拟现实座舱中基于最大后验概率框架的手姿态估计

手姿态估计是半虚拟现实(SVR)座舱环境中进行人机交互(HCI)的基础工作,为此提出一种基于最大后验概率(MAP)框架的手姿态估计方法.针对手部自遮挡问题,建立多视点手势特征树,通过树节点搜索实现手姿态参数的快速估计,并利用时序信息提高估计精度.在树节点搜索过程中,采用改进的局部敏感哈希(LSH)索引算法提高搜索效率....     

基于协同多任务分配的飞机排班模型与算法

航空公司的航班运行一直存在安全与成本的矛盾:既要严格按规定完成飞机例行检修,优先保障运行安全,又要尽可能提高飞机日利用率,以降低运行成本.为此,研究基于协同多任务分配的飞机排班问题.分析例行检修约束,建立最优化飞机日利用率的数学模型,运用分枝定价算法进行求解.分枝定价算法引入检修节点和虚拟飞机节点的定义,将分配的航班飞...     

一种新的柔性蜂窝结构及其在变体飞机中的应用

变体色机要求机翼结构可以光滑连续地变形.机翼的蒙皮要有足够大的面内伸缩变形能力,同时还要有足够的面外承载能力.本文针对后缘变弯度机翼,设计出一种新的柔性蜂窝结构.研究了该柔性蜂窝的面内变形能力和形状参数的关系.仿真分析和试验验证表明,该柔性蜂窝结构具有足够的面内变形能力,变形后仍保持良好的面外承载能力,满足后缘变弯度机...     

蛇形进气道涡控设计研究

针对传统概念设计的蛇形进气道畸变大、总压恢复系数较低以及相应流场控制技术存在局限性等缺点,对典型蛇形进气道内通道二次流的涡动力学形成及其对气流分离影响分析的基础上,提出了蛇形进气道涡控设计概念,并利用数值仿真进行了初步验证.仿真结果表明:与原型方案相比,蛇形进气道涡控设计方案成功抑制了上壁面大范围的气流分离,巡航状态畸...