空间飞网质量块动力学分析及收口机构优化设计

 研究空间飞网收口机构在捕获过程中产生翻滚缠绕的原因及质量块优化设计的方法。通过在质量块连体坐标中对其所受空间力系进行简化,分析质量块产生翻滚的原因,并据此对质量块与捕获网的连接进行优化设计。建立了超声波电机启动后质量块各转动部分的动力学方程,分析了其对产生缠绕的影响。并据此对原质量块的结构进行改进和优化设计。实验证明经优化设计的新结构改善了收口机构翻滚缠绕问题。     

深空样品密封技术综述

文章首先介绍了美国"阿波罗"计划中月球样品密封所使用的密封结构与材料,以及火星采样返回任务中对样品密封的技术方案和研究情况。然后,针对我国探月工程三期的样品密封要求,分析了多种密封材料和结构,包括铟银合金作为软金属用于刀口挤压的密封结构、自动钎焊密封装置和爆炸焊接密封装置;同时,简单地介绍了目前国内深空样品密封技术研究与试验工作。最后,针对上述密封结构和密封材料,结合我国探月工程的要求,提出了优化研究方向。这些跟踪研究结果可为我国深空样品密封技术的发展提供参考。     

圆柱形弹体隐身材料电磁色散特性研究

采用坐标变换方法对二维圆柱形弹体隐身材料进行了分析,得到了二维圆柱形隐身弹体隐身材料的电磁色散方程.计算结果表明,二维圆柱形弹体隐身材料对电磁波具有良好的散射特性.     

环形燃烧室周向点火机理基础研究进展

先进航空发动机普遍采用环形燃烧室结构,其周向点火联焰机理对发动机点火可靠性具有重要研究价值。由于实验室尺度模型实验成本低、测量精度高,已经逐渐成为实验研究环形燃烧室点火机理的重要途径。本文介绍了国内外几种典型的实验室尺度环形燃烧室模型及其相关研究,包括法国巴黎中央理工大学EM2C实验室的MICCA燃烧室模型;剑桥大学的预混/非预混环形燃烧室模型;慕尼黑工业大学的缩比燃气轮机环形燃烧室模型;浙江大学的环形燃烧室和涡轮耦合的TurboCombo模型。环形燃烧室周向点火过程一般分为3个阶段:（1）初始火核的形成;（2）火核扩张发展,在点火针附近喷嘴处形成单个稳定的旋流火焰;（3）火焰沿周向传播,依次点燃全部喷嘴后稳定燃烧。影响周向点火联焰过程的因素众多,机理复杂,已有的实验和数值计算对当量比、点火模式、热功率、流速、喷嘴间距等因素影响下的点火、熄火、火焰传播模式、周向点火时间等特征规律进行了丰富的研究。近年来,在环形燃烧室模型上也逐渐开展了气液两相喷雾燃烧的相关研究。同时,高时空分辨率的先进激光诊断方法的引入也将进一步推动点火机理的更深入研究。     

基于锁相环的光电振荡器频率稳定化研究

通过构建小数分频锁相环,将一个工作于X波段的OEO(OptoElectronic Oscillator,光电振荡器)与OCXO(Oven-Controlled Crystal Oscillator,恒温晶体振荡器)进行锁相,得到了输出信号相位噪声和长期频率稳定度的提升。从PLL(Phase-Locked Loop,锁相环)环路传输特性出发,理论分析了PLL输出信号环路带宽内相位噪声水平和作用范围。为降低OEO整体的相位噪声,采用SIL(Self-Injection-Locking,自注入锁定)使OEO在10Hz~10kHz频偏处的相位噪声得到20dB以上的抑制。在此基础上将此SIL OEO与一个频率为100 MHz的OCXO锁相,获得了频率为9.95GHz、相位噪声为-55dBc/Hz@10Hz和-124dBc/Hz@10kHz的微波信号输出,其频率的重叠阿伦方差在100s平均时间内达到1.14×10~(-11),证明了提出的方案对提升OEO频率稳定性具有一定的实际意义。     

A view finder control system for an earth observation satellite

A real time TV view finder is used on-board a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite to manually select targets for imaging from a ground station within the communication footprint of the satellite. The attitude control system on the satellite is used to steer the satellite using commands from the groundstation and a television camera onboard the satellite will then downlink a television signal in real time to a monitor screen in the ground station. The operator in the feedback loop will be able to manually steer the boresight of the satellite's main imager towards interested target areas e.g. to avoid clouds or correct for any attitude pointing errors. Due to a substantial delay (in the order of a second) in the view finding feedback loop and the narrow field of view of the main imager, the operator has to be assisted by the onboard attitude control system to stabilise and track the target area visible on the monitor screen.This paper will present an extended Kalman filter used to estimate the satellite's attitude angles using quaternions and the bias vector component of the 3-axis inertial rate sensors (gyros). Absolute attitude sensors (i.e. sun, horizon and magnetic) are used to supply the measurement vectors to correct the filter states during the view finder manoeuvres. The target tracking and rate steering reaction wheel controllers to accurately point and with high agility stabilise the satellite, will be presented. The controller reference generator for the satellite-to-target attitude and rate vectors, as used by the reaction wheel controllers, will be derived.     

微流控芯片技术在血细胞变形和流动性分析研究中的应用进展

近年来，随着微流控芯片技术的快速发展，微流控芯片在生物医学研究领域得到了广泛关注。由于其具有高通量、高灵敏度、集成化、低消耗及可控化等诸多特点，为在多细胞水平研究细胞迁移和分选动力学提供了新的技术平台。利用微流控芯片微通道结构设计灵活的特点，可在实验条件下模拟正常的生理和病理条件下的复杂血管；其微米尺寸的微通道也适于单细胞引入、操纵及检测。因此，用微流控芯片技术在单细胞层面对细胞生物力学性能表征也引起了广泛关注。以健康和疾病中的血细胞为例，从单细胞变形、流动、黏附、机械疲劳等力学性能表征到多细胞迁移及分离动力学等方面归纳目前微流控芯片技术在细胞力学分析和表征方面的研究进展。     

基于伴随方法的单级低速压气机气动设计优化

采用梯度方法对某型4.5级压气机最后级进行气动设计优化研究，梯度由连续伴随方法计算确定，多排伴随方程采用伴随掺混面模型进行数值求解。首先，采用基于经验修正的初步设计方法设计带进口导叶的4.5级低速、低压缩比压气机的原始气动外形。之后，在压气机近失速工况对最后级静子叶片进行伴随气动设计优化，通过优化叶型和安装角降低流动损失，目标函数定义为加权求和形式的熵增和流量偏差，优化中对流量进行约束。最后，开展基于伴随方法的多工况气动设计优化研究，改善两个不同转速条件下最后级的气动性能。优化结果表明，基于伴随方法的多排气动设计优化可以通过改变叶片气动外形提升多排全工况气动性能。     

Mechanism analysis of hysteretic aerodynamic characteristics on variable-sweep wings

Variable-sweep wings have large shape-changing capabilities and wide flight envelops, which are considered as one of the most promising directions for intelligent morphing UAVs. Aerodynamic investigations always focus on several static states in the varying sweep process, which ignore the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics. However, deviations to static aerodynamic forces are inevitably caused by dynamic sweep motion. In this work, first, unsteady aerodynamic characteristics on a typical variable-sweep UAV with large aspect ratio were analyzed. Then, deep mechanism of unsteady aerodynamic characteristics in the varying sweep process was studied. Finally, numerical simulation method integrated with structured moving overset grids was applied to solve the unsteady fluid of varying sweep process. The simulation results of a sweep forward-backward circle show a distinct dynamic hysteresis loop surrounding the static data for the aerodynamic forces. Compared with the static lift coefficients , at the same sweep angles, dynamic  lift coefficient in sweep forward process are all smaller, while dynamic sweep backward  lift coefficient are all larger. In addition, dynamic deviations to static  lift coefficient are positively related with the varying sweep speeds. Mechanism study on the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics indicates that three key factors lead to the dynamic hysteresis loop in varying sweep process. They are the effects of additional velocity caused by varying sweep motion, the effects of flow hysteresis and viscosity. The additional velocity induced by sweep motion affects the transversal flow direction along the wing and the effective angle of attack at the airfoil profile. The physical properties of flow, the hysteresis and viscosity affect the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics by flow separation and induced vortexes.     

吸热型碳氢燃料热沉的测定

介绍了一套自制的热导式高温量热系统,热量常数可用电标定法测定。用此仪器可测定各种吸热型碳氢燃料在各种条件下的热沉,用于吸热型碳氢燃料的筛选,为吸热型碳氢燃料的研究提供可靠的热化学数据。用这套装置测定了两种吸热型碳氢燃料在７００°Ｃ的热沉,与文献值接近。