采用SMA驱动的小型空间磁悬浮飞轮锁紧机构

磁悬浮飞轮锁紧机构在卫星发射时锁紧飞轮,减小其振动和冲击载荷;在发射后解锁,保证飞轮正常工作.目前已有的以火工品或步进电机驱动的锁紧机构具有冲击大、体积较大、不可重复使用等缺点.提出了一种采用形状记忆合金(SMA, Shape Memory Alloy)驱动的空间磁悬浮飞轮锁紧机构的设计方案,并在Liang本构模型的基础上发展了机构驱动单元的设计方法.之后,完成了锁紧机构的样机研制和调试,并开展了地面的性能测试、振动试验和高温环境试验.研究结果表明:SMA锁紧机构安装体积小,在星载28 V电压下能在6 s内完全锁紧,在1 s内完全解锁,并能够通过振动和环境实验.SMA驱动的磁悬浮飞轮锁紧机构具有锁紧力大、同步性好、可重复使用、低冲击、无污染等优势,有很大的工程应用潜力.      

Characterization and Calibration of the CheMin Mineralogical Instrument on Mars Science Laboratory

A principal goal of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity is to identify and characterize past habitable environments on Mars. Determination of the mineralogical and chemical composition of Martian rocks and soils constrains their formation and alteration pathways, providing information on climate and habitability through time. The CheMin X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument on MSL will return accurate mineralogical identifications and quantitative phase abundances for scooped soil samples and drilled rock powders collected at Gale Crater during Curiosity’s 1-Mars-year nominal mission. The instrument has a Co X-ray source and a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) detector arranged in transmission geometry with the sample. CheMin’s angular range of 5^° to 50^° 2θ with <0.35^° 2θ resolution is sufficient to identify and quantify virtually all minerals. CheMin’s XRF requirement was descoped for technical and budgetary reasons. However, X-ray energy discrimination is still required to separate Co?Kα from Co?Kβ and Fe?Kα photons. The X-ray energy-dispersive histograms (EDH) returned along with XRD for instrument evaluation should be useful in identifying elements Z>13 that are contained in the sample. The CheMin XRD is equipped with internal chemical and mineralogical standards and 27 reusable sample cells with either Mylar^? or Kapton^? windows to accommodate acidic-to-basic environmental conditions. The CheMin flight model (FM) instrument will be calibrated utilizing analyses of common samples against a demonstration-model (DM) instrument and CheMin-like laboratory instruments. The samples include phyllosilicate and sulfate minerals that are expected at Gale crater on the basis of remote sensing observations.     

Potential Effects of Surface Temperature Variations and Disturbances and Thermal Convection on the Mars InSight HP<Superscript>3</Superscript> Heat-Flow Determination

The HP³ instrument on the InSight lander mission will measure subsurface temperatures and thermal conductivities from which heat flow in the upper few meters of the regolith at the landing site will be calculated. The parameter to be determined is steady-state conductive heat flow, but temperatures may have transient perturbations resulting from surface temperature changes and there could be a component of thermal convection associated with heat transport by vertical flow of atmospheric gases over the depth interval of measurement. The experiment is designed so that it should penetrate to a depth below which surface temperature perturbations are smaller than the required measurement precision by the time the measurements are made. However, if the measurements are delayed after landing, and/or the probe does not penetrate to the desired depth, corrections may be necessary for the transient perturbations. Thermal convection is calculated to be negligible, but these calculations are based on unknown physical properties of the Mars regolith. The effects of thermal convection should be apparent at shallow depths where transient thermal perturbations would be observed to deviate from conductive theory. These calculations were required during proposal review and their probability of predicting a successful measurement a prerequisite for mission approval. However, their uncertainties lies in unmeasured physical parameters of the Mars regolith.     

保载条件下FGH95材料的疲劳特性及寿命建模

针对FGH95粉末冶金材料进行了650℃时不同保载形式(拉伸保载、压缩保载和拉压保载)的疲劳试验, 分析了其变形特征和疲劳寿命分布特征以及保载对疲劳寿命的影响.并据此, 为改进保载条件下疲劳寿命的建模, 提出了迟滞环位置-形状修正因子的概念, 进而得到了一种修正的非弹性应变能~寿命方程.经对该材料疲劳试验寿命的建模和计算分析表明:该方法相比其他几种工程上经常采用的寿命预测方程, 较好地解决粉末冶金材料高温保载疲劳时的寿命建模问题, 且该方程对试验寿命预测的精度更高, 形式简单, 具有明显的物理意义.      

中心进气转静盘腔的流量分配特性试验

采用实验方法, 对具有中心进气、两个出口的盘腔系统的流动特性进行了研究.获得了静盘与转盘间隙以及转盘外缘小孔的冷气流量.结果表明:盘面出流孔的流量随总流量或转速的增加而增加, 该流量与总流量的流量比随总流量的增加而降低, 随着转速增加而增加.盘面出流孔数量为原出流孔数量的一半时, 流出流量也近似是原流出流量的一半.      

一种通量加权型紧致格式

将通量加权的思想引入到紧致格式中,构造了一个传统方法与紧致格式混合组成的加权型差分格式.利用该格式与二阶TVD格式分别计算了一维方波、组合波问题和一些黎曼问题,如Sod问题和Shu问题,以及一维定常激波问题.计算结果的比较表明加权格式无论在捕捉各种间断,还是在分辨各种复杂波系上,都具有较大的优势,并与精确解非常吻合.      

Numerical study of compression corner flowfield using Gao-Yong turbulence model

A numerical simulation of shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction induced by a 24° compression corner based on Gao-Yong compressible turbulence model was presented.The convection terms and the diffusion terms were calculated using the second-order AUSM (advection upstream splitting method) scheme and the second-order central difference scheme,respectively.The Runge-Kutta time marching method was employed to solve the governing equations for steady state solutions.Significant flow separation-region which indicates highly non-isotropic turbulence structure has been found in the present work due to intensity interaction under the 24° compression corner.Comparisons between the calculated results and experimental data have been carried out,including surface pressure distribution,boundary-layer static pressure profiles and mean velocity profiles.The numerical results agree well with the experimental values,which indicate Gao-Yong compressible turbulence model is suitable for the prediction of shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction in two-dimensional compression corner flows.      

MEMS技术在智能航空发动机中的应用研究现状及前景

利用MEMS(micro-electro-mechanical system)体积小、质量轻、集成度高等特点,将该技术用于航空发动机,可以更好地实现对发动机的流动、燃烧过程进行主动控制、对关键结构部件的损伤以及滑油系统健康状态进行监测等方面的功能,进而实现航空发动机的智能化.为了实现MEMS在航空发动机上的应用,一方面是提高MEMS自身适应航空发动机环境的能力;另外一方面则需要开展其和航空发动机的兼容性设计及研究.随着MEMS技术的不断发展,它必将是推动航空发动机发展的一个重要新技术.      

树脂基复合材料风扇叶片的优化设计

在深入研究树脂基复合材料的材料属性和设计准则的基础上,提出并建立了一种树脂基复合材料空心风扇叶片的结构设计方法,并对叶片的强度和振动特性进行了研究,结果表明所提出的树脂基复合材料空心风扇叶片的结构设计是可行的,且对于提高风扇叶片的强度和减重起到了显著的效果.在此基础上,以共振裕度为设计目标,提出了树脂基复合材料风扇叶片优化设计的流程,解决了优化过程中学科间、应用软件间的信息传递问题,并实现了叶片铺层顺序设计优化.结果表明:在满足强度约束条件的前提下,树脂基复合材料空心风扇叶片较金属实心叶片质量减少了78.88%,共振裕度增加了8.44%.      

某型7级轴流压气机中间级三维气动数值优化

针对多级压气机三维气动数值优化中存在的级间匹配与计算成本难以兼顾的问题,采用了只对待优化级进行单级三维数值求解,而在边界条件中考虑级环境影响的优化策略,对某型7级高负荷轴流压气机存在叶背分离的第4级静子进行了数值优化.在有限的计算时间内,多级压气机绝热效率相比原始设计提高了近0.8%,压比增加了近4%,压气机的整体性能得到提高.应用表明:该优化策略较好地平衡了级间匹配与计算成本的矛盾.