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排序方式: 共有1213条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
501.
《Aerospace Science and Technology》2007,11(5):419-431
We demonstrate that a three-dimensional entry guidance with accurate ground-track control can be achieved using a combined strategy of proportional down-range maneuvering and linear quadratic (LQ) technique, thereby precluding the necessity of sophisticated nonlinear programming. It is also shown that heating rate and load-factor constraints can be met by a careful but simple selection of LQ gains. Although the speed, flight path angle, and down-range accuracy are comparable to that of a planar guidance strategy, the present technique also demonstrates an accurate cross-range control, which is not possible with a planar strategy. It is shown that adaptive maneuvering produces a superior performance than that of a nonlinear tracking control derived using feedback linearization. The method can handle much larger deviations in the entry conditions than those published previously, and has the important advantage of a relatively simple implementation in a realistic entry scenario. Furthermore, the LQ technique can take advantage of the good robustness properties of a linear Kalman filter based upon the measurement of longitude, latitude, and speed, wherein little deterioration is observed in the closed-loop performance. 相似文献
502.
N.A. Pakharukova L.Kh. Pastushkova I.M. Larina A.I. Grigoriev 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(9-10):1523-1528
The aim of this study was to characterize changes of serum proteome profile during 7-day “dry” immersion (DI). The experiment with DI consisted of three series: control group without countermeasures (10 men), with using mechanical stimulation (6 men) and low-frequency myostimulation (5 men) as preventive means. Serum samples were fractionated using ClinProt robot (Bruker Daltonics) on magnetic beads (weak cation exchange magnetic beads—MB WCX) prior to mass-spectral profiling. It was obtained 170 peaks after fractionation of serum samples in each group. On 7th immersion day peak areas of fibrinopeptide A (m/z=1206; 1464), angiotensin II (m/z=1051), high molecular mass kininogen fragment (m/z=2133 Da) and C3-fragment of the complement system (m/z=1350 Da) were significantly decreased comparing with pre-experimental values of all experimental series. Peak areas of apolipoprotein C III (m/z=9419) and C4a fragment of the complement system (m/z=3206 Da) were increased. On 7th day of the recovery peak areas of all changed peaks were not close to pre-experimental values. This fact provided evidence of incomplete recovery of an organism after DI. The depth of the alterations had considerable individual variability. Thereby the detected changes of serum proteome profile in the experiment. They indicated a reorganization of the hormonal, immune systems and lipid metabolism. The use of myostimulation and mechanical stimulation as countermeasures partly compensated adverse effects of 7-day dry immersion on the parameters of coagulation system (fibrinopeptide A) and lipid metabolism (apolipoprotein CIII). 相似文献
503.
Accurate estimations of the health risks to astronauts due to space radiation exposure are necessary for future lunar and Mars missions. Space radiation consists of solar particle events (SPEs), comprised largely of medium energy protons (less than several hundred MeV); and galactic cosmic rays (GCR), which include high-energy protons and heavy ions. While the frequency distribution of SPEs depends strongly upon the phase within the solar activity cycle, the individual SPE occurrences themselves are random in nature. A solar modulation model has been developed for the temporal characterization of the GCR environment, which is represented by the deceleration potential, ?. The risk of radiation exposure to astronauts as well as to hardware from SPEs during extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) or in lightly shielded vehicles is a major concern for radiation protection. To support the probabilistic risk assessment for EVAs, which could be up to 15% of crew time2 on lunar missions, we estimated the probability of SPE occurrence as a function of solar cycle phase using a non-homogeneous Poisson model [1] to fit the historical database of measurements of protons with energy>30 MeV, Φ30. The resultant organ doses and dose equivalents, as well as effective whole body doses, for acute and cancer risk estimations are analyzed for a conceptual habitat module and for a lunar rover during space missions of defined durations. This probabilistic approach to radiation risk assessment from SPE and GCR is in support of mission design and operational planning for future manned space exploration missions. 相似文献
504.
This paper presents the orbital maneuver (OM) and keeping of FORMOSAT-2 (or FS2, Formosa Satellite #2) since its launch on 20 May 2004. The successful launch put FS2 in a sun-synchronous parking orbit with 729.94 km perigee and 743.31 apogee. Taiwan’s National Space Organization (NSPO) then spent 11 days to perform the first orbital maneuver (OM#1) and raised FS2 to its sun-synchronous circular mission orbit at 888.47 km altitude. Due to various kinds of disturbances, FS2’s orbit shifts gradually but constantly. Therefore, four times of OM had been performed for orbital keeping. Details of all 5 OMs are described. 相似文献
505.
基于三阶解析解的小行星平衡点附近halo轨道确定方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
尽管周期解的存在性已经被证明,但要在给定的动力学系统中寻找到满足一定精度要求的周期解依然是一件极富挑战性的工作.提出如下方法确定小行星平衡点附近精确的周期轨道(halo轨道).首先扩展运动方程:将小行星平衡点附近轨道运动方程的右端项在平衡点处展成三阶幂级数.从而将非线性运动学方程扩展为拟线性微分方程.然后求近似解析解:应用Lindstedt-Poincaré方法求解扩展后的运动方程组,将周期解和其运动频率展开成三阶幂级数,并将二者代人扩展后的拟线性微分方程中.这样就可以得到三个不同阶的线性运动方程,逐次求解三个微分方程并消除解中的永年项即可得到hal.轨道的三阶解析解.最后微分校正:将周期轨道在三阶解析解附近线性化,得到状态转移矩阵,并使用状态转移矩阵和轨道终端状态的偏差修正轨道初值,从而得到满足精度要求的精确引力场中的halo轨道. 相似文献
506.
以一种双面推力槽形凸轮为研究对象,主要研究了该零件的数控加工工艺及数值处理过程。在工艺处理方面主要确定了工件的安装方式、加工坐标系、切削刀具和相关工艺参数以及走刀路线等内容。在数值处理方面主要说明了计算编程轨迹基点坐标的过程,并以专用运算程序完成了相关基点坐标的计算。基于本文结果编制的数控程序完全可以应用于实际生产,同时该研究结果为相似凸轮类零件的数控加工提供了理论依据,并具有一定的实际参考价值。 相似文献
507.
508.
In the field of space life sciences, the demand of an interdisciplinary and specific training of young researchers is high due to the complex interaction of medical, biological, physical, technical and other questions. The Helmholtz Space Life Sciences Research School (SpaceLife) offers an excellent interdisciplinary training for doctoral students from different fields (biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, physics, psychology, nutrition or sports sciences and related fields) and any country. SpaceLife is coordinated by the Institute of Aerospace Medicine at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Cologne. The German Universities in Kiel, Bonn, Aachen, Regensburg, Magdeburg and Berlin, and the German Sports University (DSHS) in Cologne are members of SpaceLife. The Universities of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Frankfurt, Hohenheim, and the Beihang University in Beijing are associated partners.In each generation, up to 25 students can participate in the three-year program. Students learn to develop integrated concepts to solve health issues in human spaceflight and in related disease patterns on Earth, and to further explore the requirements for life in extreme environments, enabling a better understanding of the ecosystem Earth and the search for life on other planets in unmanned and manned missions.The doctoral candidates are coached by two specialist supervisors from DLR and the partner university, and a mentor. All students attend lectures in different subfields of space life sciences to attain an overview of the field: radiation and gravitational biology, astrobiology and space physiology, including psychological aspects of short and long term space missions. Seminars, advanced lectures, laboratory courses and stays at labs at the partner institutions or abroad are offered as elective course and will provide in-depth knowledge of the chosen subfield or allow to appropriate innovative methods. In Journal Clubs of the participating working groups, doctoral students learn critical reading of scientific literature, first steps in peer review, scientific writing during preparation of their own publication, and writing of the thesis. The training of soft skills is offered as block course in cooperation with other Helmholtz Research Schools. The whole program encompasses 303 h and is organized in semester terms. The first doctoral candidates started the program in spring 2009. 相似文献
509.
《Acta Astronautica》2013,82(2):404-410
Sumbandila (SO-67) is an 81 kg LEO satellite launched on 17 September 2009. Its primary payload is a multi-spectral imager with a ground sampling distance of 6.25 m at an orbit altitude of 500 km. Its two command transceivers operate in the commercial and amateur radio VHF and UHF bands and one of them provides a VHF to UHF repeater service to radio amateurs. This paper presents initial results of a global three week monitoring period of two VHF frequency ranges. The data is obtained by executing on-board flight control procedures to select the frequencies to measure. The existing on-board telemetry gathering system is employed to record the data, most notably the received signal strength for the selected frequency. The data is downloaded using an adaptation of the imagery data download path. We determine regions of high signal levels by distributing individual measurements over cells in the satellite footprint before averaging over the cells. The data is then plotted on a geographical signal strength heatmap. We compare our results with that of a similar study of the late 1990s and point out changes since then. The data provides useful information for selecting future ground station locations for minimum interference. It further gives an indication of frequencies to use for command and telemetry communication at existing ground stations. We propose that including a receiver capable of measuring frequency interference across a desired frequency range is very useful to future missions for selecting communication frequencies from this range for ground station locations. 相似文献
510.