Stabilization and steering of a parabolic laser thermal thruster with an ignition device

High energy pulses of a CO₂ laser are focused in a parabolic mirror yielding to a laser-supported detonation. The generated thrust acting on the reflector as a bell nozzle is studied in multiple pulse free flight experiments with respect to axial, lateral and angular momentum coupling. The employment of an ignition pin on the reflector's axis of symmetry lowering the ignition threshold by several orders of magnitude is found to provide for a reproducible detonation process. The axial momentum coupling of each pulse is analyzed with respect to initial lateral offset and tilt during the flight. High speed analyses of recorded flights indicate that lateral momentum components occur re-centering the thruster on the beam. Thrust vector steering can be realized by tilt of the ignition pin inside the thruster, thus shifting the detonation. A design model of a laser-driven rocket including a remotely accessible steering gear was developed and tested successfully.     

圆柱贮箱内液体非线性稳态晃动实验及动力学特性分析

针对圆柱贮箱内液体非线性稳态晃动力和力矩动态信号的采集与分析问题,设计了一种能同时实现充液贮箱整体固定安装和液体动态晃动力、力矩精确测量的实验装置,给出了相应的实验数据采集、分析和处理方法。通过开展大量实验,将实验数据与CFD仿真结果进行细致对比后发现:在旋转晃动状态下,CFD仿真结果存在明显的计算偏差,不便被独立的用于完整揭示贮箱内液体晃动的真实特性。最后,归纳了贮箱内液体的非线性稳态晃动行为随横向外激励频率的变化规律,并对比分析了驻波晃动、拍振晃动、多类复杂的旋转晃动等多种不同形式的非线性稳态晃动行为对运载工具控制系统的任务执行效率和稳定性的影响。     

一种再入飞行器结构的热流载荷反演方法

提出了一种基于共轭梯度法的再入飞行器热流载荷反演方法.以一维结构为例验证反演方法的有效性,并分析了材料温变热物性参数和传感器测量误差对反演精度的影响;进而针对热防护结构和返回舱结构开展了热流载荷反演分析.结果表明:本文方法能有效地反演热防护结构和返回舱结构的热流载荷;考虑材料的温变热物性参数会使得反演过程存在非线性因素...     

Modeling and analysis of Earth’s gravity field measurement performance by inner-formation flying system

The Earth’s gravity field can be measured with high precision by constructing the purely gravitational orbit of the inner-satellite in Inner-formation Flying System (IFS), which is independently proposed by Chinese scholars and offers a new way to carry out gravity field measurement by satellite without accelerometers. In IFS, for the purpose of quickly evaluating the highest degree of recovered gravity field model and geoid error as well as analyzing the influence of system parameters on gravity field measurement, an analytical formula was established by spectral analysis method. The formula can reflect the analytical relationship between gravity field measurement performance and system parameters such as orbit altitude, the inner-satellite orbit determination error, the inner-satellite residual disturbances, data sampling interval and total measurement time. This analytical formula was then corrected by four factors introduced from numerical simulation of IFS gravity field measurement. By comparing computation results from corrected analytical formula and the actual gravity field measurement performance by CHAMP, the correctness and rationality of this analytical formula were verified. Based on this analytical formula, the influences of system parameters on IFS gravity field measurement were analyzed. It is known that gravity field measurement performance is a monotone decreasing function of orbit altitude, the inner-satellite orbit determination error, the inner-satellite residual disturbances, data sampling interval and the reciprocal of total measurement time. There is a match relationship between the inner-satellite orbit determination error and residual disturbances, in other words, the change rate of gravity field measurement performance with one of them is seriously restricted by their relative size. The analytical formula can be used to quantitatively evaluate gravity field measurement performance fast and design IFS parameters optimally. It is noted that the analytical formula and corresponding conclusions are applied to any gravity satellite which measures gravity field by satellite perturbation orbit.     

基于神经网络的电磁干扰的预测

提出了一种应用神经网络预测电磁干扰的方法.针对遗传算法总体搜索能力较强但容易陷入局部最优,而模拟退火算法具有较强的局部搜索能力,又能避免搜索陷入局部最优解的特点,将模拟退火算法与遗传算法相结合,优化多层前馈(BP, Back Propagation)神经网络,获取最优的权值和阈值,并采用模拟退火的思想确定隐含层神经元的个数,进而建立基于神经网络的电磁干扰预测模型.以双平行导线间的电磁干扰问题为实例,明确干扰要素,建立训练样本和测试样本,对比期望输出和预测输出之间的误差,结果表明该方法可以准确有效地进行电磁干扰预测.     

European space research in support of international partnership

The envisaged future space research programmes, whether in the field of space exploration or Earth observation are becoming more and more technically complicated and so costly that a single nation can hardly afford to realize them. Major non-European space-faring nations, China and India will progressively play an important role besides US, Russia and Japan. The Space Advisory Group of the European Commission recommended that the European Commission supports within Horizon 2020 a comprehensive Robotic Mars-Exploration Programme under European leadership that should become an essential element of a coordinated international space research programme. The International Space Station (ISS) experience shows that cooperative space programmes build links between industries and laboratories from around the world, which then further develop in non-space related activities, with positive impact on the economy and scientific research. Strategies need to be developed to mitigate the gradual increasing risks incurred by climate change. In order to lower their entry barrier to engage in space emerging and developing space nations need to be included in cooperative space programmes. We present the recommendations of the Space Advisory Group of the European Commission concerning Europe's participation to global space endeavours.     

Experiences with dynamic load simulation by means of modal forces in the presence of structural non-linearities

The dynamic qualification of space structures today is performed by means of driven base tests in order to simulate the dynamic environment during launch. This method is limited to structures that fit onto the shaker facility. For large and unwieldy structures an alternative approach can be utilised which applies modal forces for the qualification. Modal forces are patterns of single forces that are able to excite single resonances. These force patterns can be applied by movable electrodynamic shakers. This article reviews the background of the method. A test strategy is proposed which is based on narrow-banded swept sine excitation and considers structural non-linearities observed frequently. The qualification method was utilised during the qualification of the European Robotic Arm (ERA). The experiences gained during the test campaign are compiled in the paper. The advantages and disadvantages of dynamic qualification by means of modal forces are discussed.     

Improved energy normalization function in rocket motor stability calculations

This work details the derivation of the energy normalization function which arises in motor stability calculations. It starts by identifying the flow parameters that appear in Kirchoff's expression defining the acoustic energy density in a given enclosure. Special care is taken to account for the rotational contributions due to unsteady chamber vorticity. Subsequently, these flow parameters are inserted into the energy normalization function and perturbed to the leading order. The resulting expressions are simplified and asymptotically integrated to obtain the average value of the energy normalization function. This procedure is repeated for two basic geometries pertaining to the circular-port and slab rocket motors, respectively. Our results demonstrate that inclusion of unsteady rotational flow components is critically important for the accurate assessment of energy. We also find that the conventional one-dimensional approach is lacking because it omits unsteady rotational contributions. It under-predicts the energy normalization function by 25% in each of the circular and slab motor cases.