Two-dimensional viscous vortex flow around a circular cylinder

A code based on a vortex method for simulating viscous vortex flow around a circular cylinder has been developed. The original method to obtain the no-through and no-slip condition introduced here is described in detail. The diffusive part of the vorticity transport equation is treated using a deterministic method based on the solution of the heat equation. Results have been obtained and are presented concerning the vorticity field, the velocity field, the evolution of drag and lift coefficients and the Strouhal number.     

Measurements of water vapour in the mesosphere with the spectral absorption line imager (SALI)

Water vapour concentration is one of the most important, yet one of the least known quantities of the mesosphere. Knowledge of water vapour concentration is the key to understanding many mesospheric processes, including the one that is primary focus of our investigation, Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMC). The processes of formation and occurrence parameters of PMC constitute an interesting problem in their own right, but recent evidence had been provided which suggests that PMC are a critical indicator of climate change. In this context the feasibility of a low cost method of water vapour measurements using an instrument carried aloft by a sounding rocket has been examined and some of the results discussed. It is proposed to measure the strength of the 936nm water absorption line in a solar occultation configuration employing a CCD detector. This leads to the design of a small, low cost and low-mass instrument, which can be flown on a small rocket, of the type of the Orbital Sciences Corporation Viper 5. Alternatively the instrument can be flown as a “passenger” on larger rocket carrying other experiments. In either case flight costs are relatively low. Some performance simulations are presented showing that the instrument we have designed will be sufficiently sensitive to measure water vapor in concentrations that are expected at the summer mesopause, about 85 km height. Sufficient payload design work was carried out showing that the structural, thermal and electrical requirements for a flight on the Viper 5 rocket can be met and thus making the experiment feasible for a flight.     

聚焦透镜天线焦斑宽度估算

根据惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,通过简单的推导,得出聚焦透镜天线焦平面上焦斑宽度的近似计算公式,并讨论了与焦平面平行的平面上的焦斑场.为证明该方法的计算精度及效率,设计了一个Ka波段聚焦透镜天线,并加工了两个天线样品进行比较.对两天线进行了平面近场扫描测试,采用近似公式计算得到的Ka波段聚焦透镜天线半功率点宽度与实验数据接近,表明文中给出的公式有一定工程参考作用.      

Characterization of the optimal mass problem for aerobraking tethers

In the aerobraking tether concept, a probe, connected to an orbiter by a long, thin tether, passes through the atmosphere of a target planet to provide a desired velocity change, while keeping the orbiter above the sensible atmosphere. In earlier work, simple analytic models have been developed which accurately describe the characteristics of the mass-optimal tether. In this paper these models are generalized so that design of the spacecraft and the aerobraking maneuver can be completely characterized by four independent parameters. By comparing the tether mass (e.g. for aerocapture) with the propellant mass required to capture the orbiter, we show that aerobraking tethers have a clear advantage for a wide range of maneuvers.     

Satellite pitch and roll attitude maneuvers through very short tethers

Explored here is the feasibility of achieving satellite pitch and roll attitude maneuvers through tethers. The proposed tethered satellite system (TSS) comprises of four identical tethers connecting the auxiliary mass to the satellite at its four distinct off-centered and equiangularly spaced points. The open-loop tether length control laws have been developed in order to achieve arbitrary pitch and roll attitude slewing maneuvers. Numerical simulation of the nonlinear governing equations of motion for these tether length variations establishes the feasibility of executing fixed as well as chase-slewing maneuvers. Nearly passive nature of the proposed mechanism using very short tethers along with small auxiliary mass needed makes the concept particularly attractive for future space missions.     

运载火箭推力故障不确定性下轨迹可达包络分析

针对运载火箭突发推力故障且故障存在不确定性的轨迹设计问题,提出了一种基于状态转移张量法(STT)的故障火箭轨迹可达包络分析方法。首先,建立了推力故障火箭的运动模型,通过构建故障火箭轨迹重规划问题,基于序列二次规划法获得了不考虑故障不确定性的重规划轨迹; 其次,基于线性协方差对非线性系统的不确定性传播进行建模,并对模型进行线性化,在此基础上提出了基于SST的运载火箭轨迹可达包络分析方法; 最后,通过与多次蒙特卡洛仿真对比验证所提方法在运载火箭轨迹可达包络定量分析中的有效性。     

Numerical investigation of dynamic stall suppression of rotor airfoil via improved co-flow jet

The decrease in aerodynamic performance caused by the shock-induced dynamic stall of an advancing blade and the dynamic stall of a retreating blade at low speed and high angles of attack limits the flight speed of a helicopter. However, little research has been carried on the flow control methods employed to suppress both the dynamic stall induced by a shock wave and the dynamic stall occurring at high angles of attack. The dynamic stall suppression of a rotor airfoil by Co-Flow Jet(CFJ) is nume...     

基于上升轨迹可达范围的目标拦截发射窗口计算

针对低轨目标拦截任务,提出一种利用上升轨迹可达范围分析的发射窗口计算方法。首先,建立以上升时长和航程为性能指标的上升轨迹和优化模型,确定拦截器上升轨迹可达范围。然后,根据目标星下点与上升轨迹可达范围外包络的穿越关系以及拦截器的上升时长范围,对发射窗口进行初筛,得到准发射窗口。最后,针对每一段筛选出的准发射窗口,通过精确判定目标星下点与每一上升时长可达范围子环的位置关系,得到每段准窗口中能够实现目标拦截的发射窗口,将其取并集得到针对目标拦截的精确发射窗口。仿真表明本文提出的计算方法能够快速准确得到目标拦截的发射窗口。     

基于组合赋权和云模型的遥测系统作战适用性评估研究

针对遥测系统作战适用性评估问题,构建了基于组合赋权和云模型的评估架构。采用AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process,层次分析法)、改进变异系数法和最小鉴别信息原理确立指标综合权重;运用云模型理论,进行“黄金分割法”标准云设计和相似度匹配,确定指标等级差异,查找了装备作战适用性短板弱项所在,为遥测系统升级革新及新装备（软件定义遥测系统）研制开发提供依据遵循。评估方法可为遥测系统作战效能、体系适应性、在役适应性等类似评估提供参考借鉴,不断提高装备复杂环境下适应能力。     

Vortex breakdown: Observations and explanations

Some three decades have elapsed since the phenomenon of vortex breakdown was first observed in the leading-edge vortices trailing from delta wings. Shortly after these early observations, instability, wave propagation and flow stagnation were proposed as key elements, if not explanations, for vortex breakdown. In the meantime a great deal of theoretical, numerical and experimental work has been reported, much of the latter concerned with the breakdown of vortex flows in tubes. Even so, there is still nothing approaching a complete theory of vortex breakdown, and no general agreement as to its fundamental nature. In the present review we give an overview of vortex- breakdown research to date of the current level of understanding and assess, in the light of the available experimental evidence, the various theoretical proposals which have been made over the years.