Optimal reconfigurations of two-craft Coulomb formations along manifolds

Coulomb formations refer to swarms of closely flying spacecraft, in which the net electric charge of each vehicle is controlled. Active charge control is central to this concept and enables a propulsion system with highly desirable characteristics, albeit with limited controllability. Numerous Coulomb formation equilibria have been derived, but to maintain and maneuver these configurations, some inertial thrust is required to supplement the nearly propellant-less charge control. In this work, invariant manifold theory is applied to two-craft Coulomb equilibria, which are admitted in a linearized two-body gravity model. The manifolds associated with these systems are analyzed for the first time, and are then utilized as part of a general procedure for formulating optimal reconfigurations. Specifically, uncontrolled flows along the manifolds are sought which provide near continuous transfers from one equilibrium to another. Control is then introduced to match continuity, while minimizing inertial thrusting. This methodology aims to exploit uncontrolled motions and charge control to realize the shape-changing ability of these formations, without large inertial control efforts. Some variations in formulating and parameterizing the optimal transfers are discussed, and analytical expressions are derived to aid in establishing control parameter limits, under certain assumptions. Numerical results are provided, as demonstrative examples of the optimization procedure, using relatively simple control approximations. Finally, Particle Swarm Optimization, a novel stochastic method, is used with considerable success to solve the numerically difficult parameter optimization problems.     

Investigation of phase transition-based tethered systems for small body sample capture

This paper summarizes the modeling, simulation, and testing work related to the development of technology to investigate the potential that shape memory actuation has to provide mechanically simple and affordable solutions for delivering assets to a surface and for sample capture and possible return to Earth. We investigate the structural dynamics and controllability aspects of an adaptive beam carrying an end-effector which, by changing material equilibrium phases, is able to actively decouple the end-effector dynamics from the spacecraft dynamics during the surface contact phase. Asset delivery and sample capture and return are at the heart of several emerging potential missions to small bodies, such as asteroids and comets, and to the surface of large bodies, such as Titan.     

柴油发动机热管理系统的高度特性

基于空中和高原环境的特点,研究了柴油发动机散热器传热性能的高度特性;进一步建立了发动机热管理系统的流动和传热模型,研究了热管理系统的高度特性;给出了基于最小功耗原则的热管理系统运行参数匹配方法.在固定系统热负荷条件下的计算结果表明:随着海拔高度的增加,在空中环境下,散热器的散热性能先上升后下降,热管理系统中冷却液和润滑油温度先下降后上升,热管理系统所需的最小功耗先减小后增加;在高原环境下,散热器的散热性能随高度增加大幅下降,热管理系统中冷却液和润滑油温度大幅上升,发动机出现过热问题,为了给发动机提供足够的散热能力,热管理系统所需要的最小功耗随着海拔高度的增加而大幅增加.      

平箔片楔形高度对气体止推箔片轴承特性影响

针对波箔型气体止推箔片轴承,建立了箔片结构二维薄板模型,并通过有限差分法和有限元法耦合求解可压缩气体Reynolds方程和气膜厚度方程,获得了给定轴承载荷条件下轴承气膜压力分布、气膜厚度分布、平箔片变形量和功率损耗等轴承特性.通过对比楔形高度分别为25,70,100,200,300μm时的轴承特性仿真结果研究了楔形高度对轴承性能的影响.结果表明:降低楔形高度使轴承气膜压力分布更均匀,并降低了平箔片的局部集中载荷.但楔形高度存在一个最佳值,使得达到相同轴承载荷所需的最小气膜厚度最大,并且轴承具有最小功率损耗,提高了轴承的工作效率.该结果为气体止推箔片轴承的结构设计提供的理论参考.      

幂律型流体撞击射流破碎特性直接数值模拟

凝胶推进剂的双股射流撞击雾化广泛应用于液体火箭发动机的燃烧室中,其破碎特征及雾化效果直接影响燃烧效率。为探究雾化特性的发展规律,采用直接数值模拟DNS方法,对射流速度为100m/s的剪切稀化非牛顿液体正交撞击产生的雾化特征、液体表面积、表面波、涡特性以及非牛顿特性开展研究。结果表明,射流下形成的雾化流场迅速扩张形成液膜,液膜两侧边缘破碎成大量的液丝与液滴,核心部分产生撞击波后在气体力的作用下逐步发展为带有凸起和褶皱的不稳定表面波,其撞击波波长最大可达2.46倍射流直径。液体表面积不断增长,但无量纲表面积总体呈现先下降再上升的趋势。气体中的涡量分布则分为有序附着区和无序爆炸区两类,并且涡量主要集中分布于气相区域。此外,射流撞击时产生强剪切使该液体内部的粘性系数下降,最低仅为初始粘性系数的0.3倍。     

视觉测振技术在柔性太阳翼模态试验中的应用

针对8 m×5 m的柔性太阳翼在倒立状态下进行模态试验,设计数字摄像视觉测振系统,基于图像特征跟踪法实现了从相机标定、图像采集、信息提取到三维振动数据获取的过程,通过工况模态辨识方法获取了柔性太阳翼模态频率及振型等动力学参数。并考虑空气和重力影响建立太阳翼有限元模型,通过与基于基恩士激光位移传感器的传统模态试验结果及仿真分析结果进行对比,验证了基于视觉测振工况模态试验方法的准确性,为柔性太阳翼在轨模态辨识奠定基础。     

永磁同步电机驱动太阳翼扰动力矩建模与仿真

建立太阳翼驱动机构(SADA)永磁同步电机的电磁方程,并利用固定界面模态综合法建立SADA驱动太阳翼耦合系统的振动方程;设计模拟柔性负载,对SADA驱动该柔性负载的扰振力矩进行仿真分析。结果表明,SADA驱动柔性负载运行过程中所产生扰振力矩主要由两个原因引起：1)电流噪声引起的力矩波动;2)控制参数选取不当引起的转角波动。     

基于特征线理论的旋转爆震流场结构特征研究

特征线理论及其计算方法是气体动力学的经典理论与方法,应用于旋转爆震流场分析具有简单高效的特点。将坐标系建立在爆震波上,对旋转爆震流场进行简化,采用特征线理论并结合流场计算单元过程,建立旋转爆震流场计算模型。研究了当量比和喷注参数对氢气/空气、甲烷/空气以及辛烷/空气3种不同预混气的旋转爆震流场结构特征的影响。结果表明:爆震波高度和倾斜角度受混气当量比和喷注总温影响明显;燃料由小分子氢燃料变为大分子碳氢燃料时,爆震波高度和倾斜角度逐渐减小;混气当量比和喷注总温主要通过影响爆震波传播速度、高度和倾斜角度而影响爆震波后宏观流场特征趋势。     

尖侧缘机身布局的俯仰力矩特性及扰流板控制

针对尖侧缘机身布局在大迎角下存在的正俯仰力矩（抬头力矩）问题,通过风洞试验,首先研究了俯仰力矩的迎角分区特性及流动演化规律：线性增长区（迎角为0°~15°）,俯仰力矩线性增加,全机从附着流到形成进气道前缘涡和机翼涡;非线性增长区（迎角为17.5°~32.5°）,俯仰力矩非线性增加,机头涡出现,机头涡和进气道前缘涡逐渐增强,机翼涡增强后破裂;衰减区（迎角为35°~65°）,俯仰力矩逐渐减小,机头涡增强后破裂,进气道前缘涡破裂发展,机翼涡完全破裂。其次,发现了机身前体是产生正俯仰力矩的主要来源,机头涡是导致大迎角下正俯仰力矩的主控流动。当迎角为40°时,前体各截面正俯仰力矩在进气道前缘处达到最大,主要是由于该处机头涡诱导产生了较强的法向力。最后,提出了大迎角机身扰流板控制技术,产生了较好的控制效果。当迎角为40°时,扰流板可使正俯仰力矩减少62%,其原因是扰流板降低了机头涡涡量及其诱导产生的法向力,减少了机身前体对正俯仰力矩的贡献。该控制技术的缺点是扰流板会带来一些升力损失和附加阻力。基于尖侧缘机身参考宽度的雷诺数为2.59×10⁵。     

Numerical studies of fluid oscillation problems by boundary integral techniques

A numerical technique has been developed to investigate the axisymmetric large amplitude oscillations of an inviscid and incompressible liquid drop about its spherical equilibrium shape. The drop is placed into a microgravity environment. Thus the only forces acting on the drop are surface tension forces. The internal flow field of the fluid drop is assumed to be irrotational, so that the methods of classical potential theory can be applied. A solution for the Laplace equation for the velocity potential is posed in form of the potential of the simple layer, where the sources are placed on rings (circles) covering the bounding surface of the drop. Discretization of the drop into discs and caps at the poles, application of the dynamic and kinematic boundary condition and numerical integration with respect to time of the latter allows to study the behaviour of the deformed drop and to determine the eigenfrequencies.