超高频脉冲电弧焊接熔池金属流动行为

熔池金属流动一方面受电弧行为影响,另一方面与凝固组织形核、结晶过程联系紧密,是电弧焊接基础研究的关键,针对电弧力作用研究了超高频脉冲电弧焊接(UHFP-AW,Ultra High Frequency Pulsed Arc Welding)熔池金属流动特点,采用理论研究与试验分析相结合的方式对熔池流动方式、强度、温度分布等要素进行了分析,并完成了液态金属表面运动特征监测.结果表明,超高频脉冲电弧对熔池液态金属的热、力作用显著,表面流体流速大于30cm/s,UHFP-AW电弧力造成熔池表面沉降变形,引起双环流,熔池温度扩散范围相应减小,有效降低了电弧热量对母材金属的影响,尤其在钛合金焊接中对控制焊缝晶粒尺寸具有重要意义.      

Effects on winter circulation of short and long term solar wind changes

Indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation show correlations on the day-to-day timescale with the solar wind speed (SWS). Minima in the indices were found on days of SWS minima during years of high stratospheric aerosol loading. The spatial distribution of surface pressure changes during 1963–2011 with day-to-day changes in SWS shows a pattern resembling the NAO. Such a pattern was noted for year-to-year variations by Boberg and Lundstedt (2002), who compared NAO variations with the geo-effective solar wind electric field (the monthly average SWS multiplied by the average southward component, i.e., negative Bz component, of the interplanetary magnetic field). The spatial distribution of the correlations of geopotential height changes in the troposphere and stratosphere with the SWS; the geo-effective electric field (SWS∗Bz); and the solar 10.7 cm flux suggests that solar wind inputs connected to the troposphere via the global electric circuit, together with solar ultraviolet irradiance acting on the stratosphere, affect regional atmospheric dynamics.     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

现代战斗机的飞行试验

根据近几年新机飞行试验的工程实践,结合国外飞行试验的经验,叙述了现代战斗机飞行试验的特点,包括飞行试验的架次和周期,机载测试和地面实时监控,地面支持设施,它机试飞和组织管理;由于电传操纵显得更为突出的飞行试验技术,包括飞控系统稳定裕度、颤振和气动伺服弹性(ASE)、人机闭环飞行品质和大迎角试飞技术,提出了国内飞行试验工作方面目前存在的若干问题.      

图象压缩技术的发展

图象压缩是信息领域发展中的关键技术之一,本文综述了图象压缩技术的发展,论述了各发展阶段的基本压缩原理、特点及主要实用方法的优缺点。对80年代后期新发展的分数维压缩方法的有关概念、方法及现状着重作了论述。分数维图象压缩方法与VLSI技术的结合,将会对未来的遥感、通讯、导航及一切与图象有关的领域产生重大影响。     

一种新型恒温—温补晶体振荡器

提出了一种ＯＣＸＯ的恒温控制方法。该方法是利用乙醇的沸点制成换态式恒温箱。这种温度控制方法既可以用作中准确度的ＯＣＸＯ，又可以作为精密双层控温ＯＣＸＯ的外层恒温装置，还可以与简单的温补线路结合，构成高准确度的ＯＴＣＸＯ。     

大型航天器SGCMG系统的奇异性分析研究

应用单框架控制力矩陀螺系统（SGCMG）是大型航天器姿控系统较为理想的选择，但是该系统存在严重的奇异现象，增加了操纵律的设计与开发的难度。文章从奇异性分析的角度对单杠架控制力矩陀螺系统的奇异状态进行了研究，提出了奇异可回避性的判别方法，并据此对SGCMG系统奇异状态进行了系统的分类，针对常用的各种构形的SGCMG系统进行了讨论。     

CCSDS图像无损压缩标准在恒速信道中的应用研究

在CCSDS建议的无损数据压缩的基本原理上 ,结合基于局域纹理特征的处理方法 ,给出数据输入输出在恒速信道条件下一种有效的面向空间应用的遥感图像无损压缩方案。该方案包括去相关处理、熵编码以及压缩缓存控制三部分。去相关操作是在局域纹理分析方法的基础上 ,通过提取两种有效的预测模型并自适应选择最佳的模型进行处理 ;然后采用快速有效的CCSDS熵编码器对最佳去相关模型的预测误差编码。在压缩方案中充分考虑了输入输出恒速信道条件下应用的特殊性 ,设计了相应的压缩码流控制方法 ,从而给出了一套有效的针对恒速输入输出信道条件下的图像无损压缩的应用方案     

基于GSPN的飞机前轮转弯系统安全性评估

为解决在缺乏统计数据时无法对系统安全性进行评估的问题,提出将系统广义随机Petri网(GSPN,Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets)与经典评估相结合的方法.以某型尚处于设计阶段的飞机前轮转弯系统为研究对象,通过分析该系统结构功能图,建立出系统故障类型和影响分析(FMEA,Failure Modes and Effects Analysis)表;依照经典公式,求出系统各单元及其故障类型的故障率、维修度、平均无故障时间和平均维修时间等数据;将求得的数据与前轮转弯系统的GSPN模型相结合,利用TimeNET软件求得系统各故障类型的稳态失效概率;联立经验公式及危险度矩阵图对系统的安全性进行评估.经测评,该型飞机前轮转弯系统安全性符合设计要求.