Early effects of low dose C ion or X-ray irradiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to estimate the acute effects of low dose ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation on human immune function. The human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) of seven healthy donors were exposed to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation and cell responses were measured at 24 h after exposure. The cytotoxic activities of HPBL were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT); the percentages of T and NK cells subsets were detected by flow cytometry; mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were examined by real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); and these cytokines protein levels in supernatant of cultured cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the cytotoxic activity of HPBL, mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in HPBL and their protein levels in supernatant were significantly increased at 24 h after exposure to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions radiation and the effects were stronger than observed for X-ray exposure. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of T and NK cells subsets of HPBL. These results suggested that 0.05 Gy high linear energy transfer (LET) ¹²C⁶⁺ radiation was a more effective approach to host immune enhancement than that of low LET X-ray. We conclude that cytokines production might be used as sensitive indicators of acute response to LDI.     

降落伞伞衣载荷的性能试验

在改变伞衣面积和透气量的情况下,在定常风洞中对小型平面圆形伞的开伞过程进行了动态试验,研究了开伞过程中伞衣形状和伞衣所受载荷之间的动态关系.伞衣载荷不仅受降落伞阻力和附加质量变化率产生的力影响,同时,不稳定性及伞衣(绳)的抖动也是产生伞衣载荷的一个重要因素.稳定型伞衣充满后的载荷平均值约为最大开伞动载的60％左右,伞衣投影直径变化引起的呼吸现象也会引起载荷波动.透气量越大,降落伞稳定性越好,但降落伞的充气性能将会变差.该实验研究可为降落伞的载荷分析提供一定的依据.      

基于有限元仿真的航空整体结构件变形校正

针对航空整体结构件变形复杂、校正效果难以定量预测的工程问题,基于有限元仿真技术,综合研究加工变形—校正过程,对航空整体结构件的变形校正有限元建模、校正过程数值模拟、校正参数确定、校正载荷施加形式及校正残余应力等关键技术进行了研究,并运用上述技术对某航空铝合金材料整体结构件进行了变形校正有限元数值模拟.结果表明,综合研究加工变形—校正过程,提取变形有限元模型作为初始校正模型,进行有限元加载—卸载分析,可很好地模拟校正过程,并获得实际需要的校正参数.      

基于最优化问题的混合再入制导方法

在深入研究机动再入飞行器标准轨道和预测制导方法的基础上,针对标准轨道和预测制导相结合的制导方法,分析了由预测制导指令延迟引起的误差,提出了误差补偿策略.根据最优化理论,设计了相关性能指标函数,提出新的预测制导算法.并结合标准轨道法,通过对有限几个特征点位置上引入预测制导,形成了一种基于最优化问题的混合制导方法.有效减小了预测制导指令的解算时间,进一步降低了落点误差.仿真结果表明,该方法既具有较强的抗干扰能力和较高的制导精度,又具有一定的工程实用价值.     

角度棱镜方位对干涉仪测角范围的影响

在激光测角干涉仪中,由于角度棱镜安置的方位不同,将导致该仪器角度测量范围的变化。分析了角度棱镜的方向和位置对角度测量范围的影响,比较了不同方案的优劣,并给出了结论。     

现代喷气战斗机的发动机安装设计

发动机安装设计是飞机设计的一项重要工作,战斗机的发动机安装设计工作尤为重要且任务复杂.本文在收集整理大量文献资料的基础上,概述现代战斗机发动机的安装设汁,重点剖析了国外八个型号战斗机的发动机安装设计实例,比较各型战机的发动机安装设计异同,包括安装形式设计和安装节等结构部件的细节设计等.通过实例剖析和异同比较,有助于深入理解发动机安装设计的特点和规律,发展我国有自身特色的发动机安装设计解决方案.     

航空发动机推力测量台架原理误差分析

为研究影响航空发动机推力测量台架系统原理误差的因素及作用,针对发动机弹簧片支撑式推力测量台架,以推力偏心假设为基础建立其力学模型,采用理论分析和仿真验证相结合的方法对某试车台架进行原理误差分析.在给定条件下,台架在竖直平面和水平面内的角偏心远小于推力角偏心,并不会对推力测量造成显著影响,台架结构变形引起的角偏心也很小.相比之下,原理误差影响最大的因素依次为推力角偏心、热变形和弹阻力,原理误差分别为0.38％、0.16％和0.04％,应加以控制.当推力偏心量造成的原理误差不能满足精度指标时,需采用原位加载系统或者矢量推力测量台架来评估.     

基于NESO的高超声速拦截弹解耦控制研究

针对高超声速拦截弹姿态控制问题,提出了基于非线性扩张状态观测器(NESO)的解耦控制方法.根据Tornambe的分散鲁棒控制理论,把耦合项和不确定性视为广义不确定项,构造基于NESO的估计和补偿信号并加入到闭环控制律中.理论推导证明了该方法可以保证闭环系统跟踪误差一致有界.在高超声速拦截弹模型上进行了仿真验证,并与传统的分通道反馈控制方法进行对比,结果表明所设计解耦控制方法得到了更好的控制效果,在较大程度上消除了通道耦合和不确定性的影响.     

转捩模型在翼型气动性能预测 中的应用研究

边界层转捩位置的准确预测对于提高飞行器气动性能的预测精度具有重要意义.选取与k-ω SST湍流模型相耦合的γ-Reθt模型,以零压力梯度平板为研究对象,通过求解基于有限体积法的雷诺平均N-S方程验证该模型自动捕捉流动转捩的准确性;将该模型应用于传统有压力梯度的NACA 0012翼型的流场特性和气动性能的研究中,并与原始k-ω SST模型的计算结果及全湍流试验数据进行比较.结果表明:远场边界距离对翼型阻力系数有较大的影响;与无转捩模型相比,γ-Reθt转捩模型对翼型阻力系数的预测精度有一定程度的提高;对于二维模型,γ-Reθt转捩模型难以捕捉翼型表面的三维效应和非定常分离特性.     

High-speed avionic optical fiber CDMA networks

With applications of systems integration technology to advanced aircrafts, high-speed and high-capacity optical fiber communication networks should be employed to support airborne broadband communication services. To guarantee real-time multiuser communications over a network, the selection of medium-access schemes is critical for avionics applications. In this paper, we briefly discuss the issues on high-speed multiple-access techniques and their applicability. Then we focus on the design and operation aspects of avionic optical fiber code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks. Some practical considerations on implementing such a CDMA network are also addressed and further improvement is pointed out. It is shown that avionic optical fiber CDMA networks can find a use in real-time avionic sensor data distribution, data exchange, and computer interconnects