用于热控涂层性能原位测试的辐射计设计

针对空间环境中热控涂层性能退化的问题,提出一种模拟空间环境中利用测热法实现热控涂层太阳吸收率原位测试的辐射计设计方案.结合模拟空间环境的测试要求,进行辐射计的原理设计与理论研究;对辐射计进行结构热分析,建立辐射计测试过程中各项换热的计算式,从而得到辐射计的瞬态计算模型.恒温测试环境下利用辐射计对SR107热控涂层进行了测试.实验结果表明:辐射计测试的SR107热控涂层太阳吸收率值与该涂层的标定值之间的相对误差在2%以内,测试的不确定度为6.3%,实验结果验证了该测试方法的有效性.      

Low-dose carbon ion irradiation effects on DNA damage and oxidative stress in the mouse testis

To investigate the effects of low-dose carbon ion irradiation on reproductive system of mice, the testes of outbred Kunming strain mice were whole-body irradiated with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy, respectively. We measured DNA double-strand breaks (DNA DSBs) and oxidative stress parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and testis weight and sperm count at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation in mouse testis. At 12 h postirradiation, a significant increase in DNA DSB level but no pronounced alterations in MDA content or SOD activity were observed in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups compared with the control group. At 21 d postirradiation, there was a significant reduction in sperm count and distinct enhancements of DSB level and MDA content in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups in comparison with control. At 35 d postirradiation, the levels of DNA DSBs and MDA, and SOD activity returned to the baseline except for the MDA content in 1 Gy (P < 0.05), while extreme falls of sperm count were still observed in 0.5 (P < 0.01) and 1 Gy (P < 0.01) groups. For the 0.05 or 0.1 Gy group, no differences were found in DNA DSB level and MDA content between control and at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation, indicating that lower doses of carbon ion irradiation have no significant influence on spermatogenesis processes. In this study, male germ cells irradiated with over 0.5 Gy of carbon ions are difficult to repair completely marked by the sperm count. Furthermore, these data suggest that the deleterious effects may be chronic or delayed in reproductive system after whole-body exposure to acute high-dose carbon ions.     

Modeling and experimental validation of sawing based lander anchoring and sampling methods for asteroid exploration

This paper presents a novel lander anchoring system based on sawing method for asteroid exploration. The system is composed of three robotic arms, three cutting discs, and a control system. The discs mounted at the end of the arms are able to penetrate into the rock surface of asteroids. After the discs cut into the rock surface, the self-locking function of the arms provides forces to fix the lander on the surface. Modeling, trajectory planning, simulations, mechanism design, and prototype fabrication of the anchoring system are discussed, respectively. The performances of the system are tested on different kinds of rocks, at different sawing angles, locations, and speeds. Results show that the system can cut 15?mm deep into granite rock in 180?s at sawing angle of 60°, with the average power of 58.41?W, and the “weight on bit” (WOB) of 8.637?N. The 7.8?kg anchoring system is capable of providing omni-directional anchoring forces, at least 225?N normal and 157?N tangent to the surface of the rock. The system has the advantages of low-weight, low energy consumption and balance forces, high anchoring efficiency and reliability, and could enable the lander to move and sample or assist astronauts and robots in walking and sampling on asteroids.     

基于下降图像三维地形重建的参数自适应生成

针对基于单应性下降图像着陆区三维地形重建算法中重建参数对重建结果的影响,提出一种参数自适应生成算法计算最优重建参数.首先,根据匹配特征点对应的空间点拟合出地形近似平面,作为系列平行虚拟切分平面的参考平面,从而确定切分平面的法向和基本深度.其次,在地形近似平面两侧,分别计算特征点对对应的空间点到地形拟合平面最大距离,用于估计重建区地形高度差异.最后,根据地形高度差异和相机距地形拟合平面距离,寻找最优切分平面个数.根据这些重建参数即可计算地形重建所需单应矩阵.对比不同重建参数下的重建结果表明该参数设定方法可以达到更优重建效果.      

静压气浮直驱转台热特性

以开发满足精密工程应用的静压气浮直驱转台为目标,研究静压气浮直驱转台结构的热稳定性.首先,分析了静压气浮直驱转台的发热-传热特性,建立了三维热特性有限元模型,计算了气浮直驱转台的温度场云图;用间接耦合的分析方法,将温度场作加载条件,进行转台热-结构耦合分析;然后,对比研究了两种直驱电机安置结构对转台热稳定性的影响,提出了静压气浮直驱转台的空气强制对流冷却方案;最后,完成了无框力矩电机后置式静压气浮直驱转台的温度场检测实验.实验结果表明,静压气浮直驱转台测试点的计算与实测温度的最大误差为1.93 ℃,稳态温度场分布计算精度较高;温度分布稳态时,气浮转台止推轴承气膜单侧间隙的变化量为0.55 μm,在空气轴承气膜设计允许的波动范围内,对轴承性能不产生明显的影响.电机后置式直驱静压气浮转台结构的热稳定性好,适合工业应用.     

伺服机构负载模拟系统设计与动态特性分析

针对火箭发动机喷管伺服机构的负载模拟问题,采用机械的方式,设计了一种可对伺服机构的惯性负载、摩擦力矩负载、弹性力矩负载、安装刚度以及发动机喷管柔性特征进行模拟的负载模拟器,并建立了模拟器和伺服机构数学模型。仿真分析了惯性负载、弹性力矩以及喷管柔性对伺服机构负载多自由度特性的影响。通过对伺服机构扫频实验,负载模拟器中的负载在一定范围内调节,可复现伺服机构实际工作中的动态特性。说明该负载模拟器结构设计合理,从而为具有多自由度特性的火箭伺服机构的负载模拟系统设计提供参考。该系统已经得到实际应用。     

一类不确定分数阶混沌系统的滑模自适应同步

基于滑模自适应控制理论、Lyapunov稳定性理论和分数阶线性系统稳定性理论,在考虑系统存在模型不确定和外部扰动的情况下,选用一种具有较强鲁棒性的分数阶滑模曲面,设计了合适的自适应滑模控制器。所设计的控制器能够将系统状态控制到滑模面上,实现两个不确定分数阶混沌系统的同步,且不需事先知道不确定项上界。该控制器结构简单,控制代价小,具有较好的通用性,对未知扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。数值仿真验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于轮询的高级在轨系统多路复用包时延分析

目前的高级在轨系统(AOS,Advanced Orbiting Systems)多路复用研究主要以仿真为主,很少有文献给出专门的理论分析.针对基于轮询的AOS多路复用包时延进行研究,通过采用排队论中非空竭限量服务的休假排队系统建立模型,并采用循环再生法进行分析,得到了多路复用包时延计算公式,并给出包时延的下限值.仿真结果表明,在包到达率取值分别为1,2,3包/s,在各种不同的下行速率(范围240~330 bit/s)之下,包时延的仿真值曲线均高于理论下限值曲线,从而论证了理论推导的正确性.研究结果可以为工程设计提供一定的参考作用.     

150kV/30kW逆变式电子束焊接高压电源设计

针对150kV/30kW电子束焊接高压电源高电压、大功率输出的要求,低压电路采用IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)逆变隔离直流电源与逆变全桥串联的主电路拓扑,高压电路由3组升压变压器与10倍压整流电路的串联结构并联组成;设计了高压采样电路、束流采样电路,以及双闭环控制电路.基于上述技术,实现了150kV/30kW高电压大功率输出.实验结果表明高压加速电源的输出线性度和束流输出线性度较好,同时高压稳定度和束流稳定度均在0.5%左右,能够满足电子束焊接的要求.     

基于模糊逻辑的预测再入制导方法

在研究再入飞行器预测制导基础上,针对实时性要求,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑系统的模糊预测制导方法.首先研究分析了再入飞行器落点纵程与飞行高度、弹道倾角三者之间的联系;设计了以再入飞行器落点偏差和飞行高度为输入,弹道倾角角速度为输出的模糊逻辑系统;并在此基础上根据专家经验制定模糊规则,设计模糊预测制导算法.该方法避免了一般预测制导在形成弹道倾角修正指令时所需要的大量迭代运算,有效减小了预测制导指令的解算时间,为再入飞行器在再入过程中全程使用预测制导提供了可能.仿真结果表明:该方法实时性好,落点精度高,抗干扰能力强,且具有一定的工程实用价值.