基于核主成分分析的空域复杂度无监督评估

空域复杂度评估作为衡量空域运行态势、管制员工作压力的关键手段,是运行调控的基础。由于影响因素众多,不同因素间耦合关联复杂,且标定样本很难获取,空域复杂度的准确评估被公认为航空领域的一个挑战性问题。提出了一种空域复杂度的无监督评估方法。首先通过核主成分分析挖掘原始样本各维度的非线性耦合关系,准确提取能够最大化复杂度评估信息量的主成分,进一步设计了可按需定制的主成分聚类方法,实现了无监督条件下空域复杂度的准确评估,为空域划分、流量管理提供了有效的技术支撑。     

脉冲电流大厚度电解线切割加工试验

航空航天难加工材料直纹面构件的高精度高表面完整性加工已经成为制造领域普遍关注和亟需解决的难题,电解线切割加工在高表面完整性要求加工场合上具有原理性优势。建立脉冲电流电解线切割加工模型,分析了工件厚度变化带来的影响。试验结果表明：随着工件厚度增加,电解液电阻减小,工件两端极间电压减小,加工缝宽变窄;双电层时间常数增大,脉宽时间内充电所能达到的电位降低,有效加工时间变短,平均电流密度较低;脉冲频率大于20 kHz时,最大进给速度随频率增加而快速减小,低于20 kHz时,最大加工速度差别较小。最后,采用脉冲频率20 kHz,以进给速度4 μm/s稳定加工出20 mm厚榫头/榫槽结构,表面粗糙度约为0.449 4 μm,表面质量、加工效率明显高于100 kHz加工效果。     

超高速干气密封扰流效应及抑扰机制

干气密封在高速时优异的动压性能使其应用范围从传统的压缩机、离心机等中高速设备逐渐扩大到航空发动机、（微型）燃气轮机等超高速设备中。基于实际超高速工况特点,对转速范围为10 000~120 000 r/min时的干气密封性能进行了系统性仿真计算,结果发现：在一定几何参数和工况参数下,类似于气浮轴承的微振动现象,干气密封会出现疑似受气体压力波动流影响的开启力、泄漏量与转速非正相关变化的扰流现象,尤其在高压、大膜厚、小槽深时的扰流效应愈加显著;在转速持续增大过程中,干气密封微尺度流场会出现二次拐点现象,且一次拐点发生转速与设计参数有关,而二次拐点发生转速基本约为90 000 r/min。同时结合导流织构的设计思路,进一步研究了超高速下干气密封槽底导流织构的驱动导流效应,结果表明：加设导流织构后,承载效果明显提高,拐点发生工况延后且压力波动区域被压缩。表明导流织构具有良好的抑制扰流、维持开启力与转速持续正相关的作用,在此基础上,进一步阐释了导流织构的抑扰机制,以期为突破干气密封在超高速工况下的应用壁垒提供新思路。     

Containment of soft wall casing wrapped with Kevlar fabric

Aramid fabrics have been commonly used in the civil turbofan engine fan blade containment system for its excellent performance. To investigate the behavior and capability of soft wall containment casing, a series of fan blade released tests were conducted on the high-speed spin tester.The soft wall casing was fabricated by wrapping multiple layers of Kevlar49 plain woven fabric around a thin steel ring. Casings with different inner metal ring and outer fabric layers number were compared. The method of using the explicit dynamic software LS-DYNA to establish the finite element analysis model for the quantitative analysis of the containment process was developed and conducted. The simulation results are in good agreement with the test results. It is shown that the containment process of the soft wall casing can be divided into three impact stages. The casing with low-stiffness inner metal ring will get severe overall deformation and lose the structural integrity when it suffers the blade impact. Kevlar fabric layers will appear large bulge on outside surface and absorb the most impact dynamic energy of the high speed released fan blade. By summing up the results of the test and simulation, an empirical critical equation was derived to describe the relationship between the released blade dynamic energy and the Kevlar fabric thickness.     

Real-time object tracking via least squares transformation in spatial and Fourier domains for unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper addresses the problem of real-time object tracking for unmanned aerial vehicles. We consider the task of object tracking as a classification problem. Training a good classifier always needs a huge number of samples, which is always time-consuming and not suitable for realtime applications. In this paper, we transform the large-scale least-squares problem in the spatial domain to a series of small-scale least-squares problems with constraints in the Fourier domain using the correlation filter technique. Then, this problem is efficiently solved by two stages. In the first stage, a fast method based on recursive least squares is used to solve the correlation filter problem without constraints in the Fourier domain. In the second stage, a weight matrix is constructed to prune the solution attained in the first stage to approach the constraints in the spatial domain. Then, the pruned classifier is used for tracking. To evaluate proposed tracker's performance, comprehensive experiments are conducted on challenging aerial sequences in the UAV123 dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that proposed approach achieves a state-ofthe-art tracking performance in aerial sequences and operates at a mean speed of beyond 40 frames/s. For further analysis of proposed tracker's robustness, extensive experiments are also performed on recent benchmarks OTB50, OTB100, and VOT2016.     

Electrochemical trepanning with uniform electrolyte flow around the entire blade profile

In the traditional machining process for diffusers, blades are easily deformed, and methods suffer from high tool wear and low efficiency. Electrochemical machining(ECM) possesses unique advantages when applied to these difficult-to-machine materials. In the ECM process, theflow field plays a crucial role. Here, an electrolyte flow mode that supplies uniform flow around the entire blade profile was adopted for electrochemical trepanning of diffusers. Various flow rates were employed to obtain the optimal flow field. Simulations were conducted using ANSYS software, and results indicated that increasing the flow rate substantially afforded a more uniform flowfield. A series of experiments was then performed, and results revealed that increasing the flow rate greatly improved both the machining efficiency and the surface quality of the diffusers. The maximum feeding rate of the cathode reached 4 mm/min, the blade taper of the concave part decreased to 0.02, and the blade roughness was reduced to 1.216 lm. The results of this study demonstrated the high feasibility of this method and its potential for machining other complex components for engineering applications.     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

模拟失重条件下航天员旋转运动方法实验验证

航天员太空飞行中,需要改变自身位置与朝向以完成不同的作业任务,当其无法触碰到手脚限制器等借助物时,会涉及通过自身动作的转换产生人体旋转的问题。为此,首先基于Roberson-Wittenburg方法建立了人体动力学方程,据此提出能够使得人体转动的肢体操作方法,然后采用悬吊法模拟太空失重环境,对比不同控制方法产生的旋转作用效果,发现肢体旋转时与身体的夹角和肢体旋转速度是影响人体旋转完成时间和关节力矩的主要因素,最后结合推荐动作与实验结果提出空间姿态变换运动的操作建议。结果表明本文推荐动作有一定的优越性,对航天员处于太空中的自旋转运动具有实用意义。     

航天飞行器结构应力腐蚀基因解析及应用

应力腐蚀（SCC）是一种易引起航天飞行器结构无征兆事故的多因素耦合作用失效类型。为厘清SCC机理,文章从基因角度解析SCC的应力因子和微观因素,探索SCC基因测取方法和无SCC事故内涵。分析表明,SCC应力基因位于远低于σS的量值区间,其微观基因包括溶解阳极、氢、电负性离子、滑移位错、钝化膜和晶体取向,可采用多尺寸断裂形貌、化学浓度、电位/电流、应力/应变等参数测取SCC基因组态和SCC敏感性。基于SCC基因分析,航天飞行器结构设计寿命内无SCC事故原则应包括合理设计、精准评价和正确失效分析三部分。     

基于误差模型的权重二值神经网络近似加速

针对智能识别系统精确度和硬件复杂度之间的均衡设计问题,提出了一种基于误差统计模型的权重二值神经网络近似加速方法.在提出了一种获得高精度轻量神经网络的权重二值化处理算法基础上,引入近似加法器、消除乘法器以进一步提高能效.最终提出了一种系统级误差统计模型用于系统评估和优化设计,该设计能够分析和预测权重二值神经网络近似加速系...