超高速干气密封扰流效应及抑扰机制

干气密封在高速时优异的动压性能使其应用范围从传统的压缩机、离心机等中高速设备逐渐扩大到航空发动机、（微型）燃气轮机等超高速设备中。基于实际超高速工况特点,对转速范围为10 000~120 000 r/min时的干气密封性能进行了系统性仿真计算,结果发现：在一定几何参数和工况参数下,类似于气浮轴承的微振动现象,干气密封会出现疑似受气体压力波动流影响的开启力、泄漏量与转速非正相关变化的扰流现象,尤其在高压、大膜厚、小槽深时的扰流效应愈加显著;在转速持续增大过程中,干气密封微尺度流场会出现二次拐点现象,且一次拐点发生转速与设计参数有关,而二次拐点发生转速基本约为90 000 r/min。同时结合导流织构的设计思路,进一步研究了超高速下干气密封槽底导流织构的驱动导流效应,结果表明：加设导流织构后,承载效果明显提高,拐点发生工况延后且压力波动区域被压缩。表明导流织构具有良好的抑制扰流、维持开启力与转速持续正相关的作用,在此基础上,进一步阐释了导流织构的抑扰机制,以期为突破干气密封在超高速工况下的应用壁垒提供新思路。     

基于STM32F429的全向运动平台的运动控制

全向运动平台系统是可以实现人体在各个方位行走的2D运动平台。针对实现人体在全向运动平台稳定行走的运动控制,采用加入观测器的一阶控制算法对平台运动控制进行探究。先通过MATLAB软件进行算法的仿真,验证方法的可行性;再通过现场测试,验证控制算法的有效性。最终试验表明,加入观测器的一阶控制算法可对全向运动平台实现有效的运动控制。此运动控制策略的探究为全向运动平台的运动控制提供了一种可行的控制思路和方案。     

一种开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制效率优化策略

针对开关磁阻电机(SRM)的简化磁链法只能实现单相导通运行且导通区间固定的缺点,提出了一种结合固定关断角和自适应调节开通角的无位置传感器控制技术。利用曲线拟合关断位置磁链取代传统存储数据表,通过对比实时计算的动态磁链和曲线拟合的静态磁链,确定关断位置信号并估计转速和其他位置。考虑电机阻抗和电感的非线性特点,优化电感最小区域的开通角自调节模型确定导通区间。仿真结果验证了该方案的可行性和正确性,能够实现转子位置的间接检测,电机的运行效率得到进一步优化。     

Dynamics and de-spin control of massive target by single tethered space tug

This paper investigates the dynamics and de-spin control of a massive target by a single tethered space tug in the post-capture phase. The dynamic model of the tethered system is derived and simplified to a dimensionless form. Further, a decoupled PD controller is proposed, and the local stability of the controller is analyzed by linearization technique. Parametric studies of the dynamics and de-spin control of a massive target are conducted to characterize the dynamic process of de-spin with the proposed control law. It is shown that the massive target can be de-span by a single and small space tug with limited thrust within finite time. The thrust tangent with the tether de-spins the target while the thrust normal to the tether prevents the tether from winding up the target. The tether length has a positive contribution to the de-spin of a target. The longer tether leads to a faster de-spin process.     

Containment of soft wall casing wrapped with Kevlar fabric

Aramid fabrics have been commonly used in the civil turbofan engine fan blade containment system for its excellent performance. To investigate the behavior and capability of soft wall containment casing, a series of fan blade released tests were conducted on the high-speed spin tester.The soft wall casing was fabricated by wrapping multiple layers of Kevlar49 plain woven fabric around a thin steel ring. Casings with different inner metal ring and outer fabric layers number were compared. The method of using the explicit dynamic software LS-DYNA to establish the finite element analysis model for the quantitative analysis of the containment process was developed and conducted. The simulation results are in good agreement with the test results. It is shown that the containment process of the soft wall casing can be divided into three impact stages. The casing with low-stiffness inner metal ring will get severe overall deformation and lose the structural integrity when it suffers the blade impact. Kevlar fabric layers will appear large bulge on outside surface and absorb the most impact dynamic energy of the high speed released fan blade. By summing up the results of the test and simulation, an empirical critical equation was derived to describe the relationship between the released blade dynamic energy and the Kevlar fabric thickness.     

摆线桨非定常动态失速的三维效应

对摆线桨三维全尺寸模型进行了非定常数值模拟。验证了两种嵌套网格方法的可靠性与适用性,针对二维/三维情况下摆线桨非定常涡流动特性及诱导分离特性开展了数值分析,重点研究了展向气动力随方位角的分布与全局流场的诱导速度分布,并分析了尾迹捕捉精度与涡量耗散特征。结果表明:受摆线桨切向速度、展向诱导速度等三维效应影响,两种计算结果的瞬态气动力极值差值达到44%。三维动态失速涡的产生、脱落与再附明显弱于二维翼型情况,这对于摆线桨非定常气动特性有较大影响。      

烧蚀后C-SiC复合材料隔离段内激波串长度预测

为了研究畸变气流影响下烧蚀后的C-SiC复合材料隔离段内激波串长度预测问题,设计了能够模拟进气道喉道流场畸变的隔离段直连台,并开展了马赫数2.5和3.5来流的两种不同烧蚀程度的C-SiC复合材料隔离段直连实验,获得了有效的纹影和压力数据,结合实验和理论分析,采用无量纲不平度hs/Dhy来表征烧蚀后C-SiC隔离段内壁面严重不规则粗糙特征,尝试在Waltrup公式中增加包含无量纲不平度的因子(1+4hs/Dhy),以此形成新的公式来预测烧蚀后C-SiC隔离段内激波串长度,预测精度较原来公式大幅提高,按照10%的误差带分析,修正后的Waltrup公式预测精度提高了33.3%。     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

台风多发区复杂场地设计风荷载参数比较

确定长大、高耸柔性结构设计风速是抗风设计的首要内容。对于我国东南沿海椒江入海口复杂场地条件,由周边气象站历史风速风向资料统计分析表明,利用规范建议的极值分布概型预测重现期设计风速存在不合理性,台风登陆衰减效应导致临近工程场地多个气象站极值风速预测结果差别较大,采用线性回归方法加权换算工程场地设计风速可以较为合理地定义结构设计基本风速。参考长三角地区Monte-Carlo台风随机模拟结果,进一步有针对性地分析了不同气候模式风环境参数取值对于结构风荷载取值的影响。     

发动机试车气路故障诊断系统的设计与应用

以发动机整机试验数据为研究对象,建立了一套发动机试车气路故障诊断系统.首先阐述了该系统的设计功能和总体流程逻辑;使用故障模式法和调整模式法建立了气路部件故障诊断和优化调整模块;然后以一个双轴分排涡扇发动机为例,针对气路部件故障诊断和优化调整给出了考虑噪声的数值试验分析.最后就该系统的发展进行了讨论.