Aeroelastic two-level optimization for preliminary design of wing structures considering robust constraints

An aeroelastic two-level optimization methodology for preliminary design of wing struc- tures is presented, in which the parameters for structural layout and sizes are taken as design vari- ables in the first-level optimization, and robust constraints in conjunction with conventional aeroelastic constraints are considered in the second-level optimization. A low-order panel method is used for aerodynamic analysis in the first-level optimization, and a high-order panel method is employed in the second-level optimization. It is concluded that the design of the abovementioned structural parameters of a wing can be improved using the present method with high efficiency. An improvement is seen in aeroelastic performance of the wing obtained with the present method when compared to the initial wing. Since these optimized structures are obtained after consideration of aerodynamic and structural uncertainties, they are well suited to encounter these uncertainties when they occur in reality.     

肋角度对气膜冷却特性的影响

在光滑二次流通道的基础上,分析对比了两种带肋通道(135°肋和45°肋)对气膜冷却特性的影响.采用瞬态液晶测试技术获得了气膜孔下游表面传热系数比与气膜冷却效率分布.使用Fluent软件RANS数值方法对相应结构进行了数值模拟,并使用了realizable k-ε湍流模型.光滑二次流通道模型中,气膜孔内流线呈螺旋状分布,导致较大的孔内速度分离与流动损失.冷气射流分成两部分,其中一股形成一对偏斜的对转涡.135°肋结构中,二次流通道上部分的旋转涡为顺时针方向,使得气流易于流入气膜孔,气膜孔内流线呈直线分布.45°肋结构中,二次流通道上部分旋转涡为逆时针方向,增强了气膜孔内旋转涡.45°肋结构中冷气流入气膜孔之后的流动结构与光滑二次流通道结构相似.135°肋结构气膜冷却效率最大而表面传热系数比最低.     

喉部长度和扩张角对离心压气机管式扩压器影响研究

针对带楔形扩压器的高负荷离心压气机,利用数值模拟手段对其进行了研究,计算获得的离心压气机特性与试验结果符合较好。在此基础上,设计了具有不同喉部长度和扩张角的管式扩压器,利用经过校核的数值模拟手段对管式扩压器的喉部长度和扩张角进行了参数化研究。研究发现较长的喉部会使压气机设计点的性能下降,但是却可以抑制近失速点扩压器内的流动分离,喉部长度与喉部直径之比为0.5时综合性能较优;较大的扩张角会造成扩压器内流动分离,增加流动损失,扩张角由4°增加到12°时压气机效率降低了约3%。     

肋开孔高度对大宽高比矩形通道流动传热的影响

为了获得大宽高比矩形通道内开孔肋的流动与传热特性,采用数值模拟的方法在开孔肋的肋高e/Dh=0.188、开孔率β=0.131时研究了通道的摩擦系数、努塞尔数等参数随孔排高度和雷诺数的变化规律。结果表明:与实体肋相比,开孔肋能够减小通道的摩擦系数并提高其壁面温度分布的均匀性,但是传热增强因子有所减小;随着孔排高度的提升,通道的摩擦系数单调减小,壁面温度分布的不均匀度增大,而传热增强因子则先增大后减小,因此存在一最优孔排高度(h/e)opt=0.65使开孔肋的强化传热综合指标达到最大值;随着雷诺数的增大,开孔肋通道的摩擦系数缓慢减小、换热逐渐增强,这与实体肋的变化规律是类似的。     

川中地区上三叠统须家河组砂岩储层孔隙结构特征

碎屑岩储层的孔隙特征是油气勘探开发中最重要的研究内容之一,更是气藏精细描述、储层综合评价的重要内容,通过采用铸体薄片观察、扫描电镜观察及压汞曲线分析等多种技术手段,对川中地区上三叠统须家河组储层的孔隙类型、孔隙组合及孔隙结构等方面进行了深入的研究.研究区须家河组储层孔隙类型可分为原生残余粒间孔、次生粒间溶蚀孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间孔和微裂缝6种主要孔隙类型;孔隙结构可分为4种类型,即:Ⅰ类粗歪双峰式-大孔中粗喉型、Ⅱ类中歪双峰式一中孔中细喉型、Ⅲ类细歪双峰式一中小孔细喉型和Ⅳ类单峰式-小孔微细喉型,这4种孔隙类型分别对应残余原生粒间孔+粒间溶孔型、粒间溶孔+粒内溶孔型、溶孔+铸模孔型和微孔型孔隙组合类型;其中Ⅰ类粗歪双峰式和Ⅱ类中歪双峰式位于有利的峰点结构区,有利于油气的聚集,为中高产能储层孔隙结构.     

Multi-h CPM遥测信号的定时频率联合估计技术

针对Multi-h CPM（Multi-h Continue Phase Modulation,多指数连续相位调制）遥测接收机的符号定时和载波频率同步问题,在分析MLSD（Maximum-likelihood Sequence Detection,最大似然序列检测）度量值是符号定时偏差和频率偏差的凸函数的基础上,提出一种基于迟/早门和升/降频门的符号定时和频率同步联合估计算法,通过似然值比较,对符号定时偏差和频率偏差进行迭代估计;并对该算法进行仿真,得到不同参数下的同步性能,给出同步参数选择建议.仿真结果表明：将该算法应用到Multi-h CPM遥测系统中,可实现低信噪比信号的快捕和高精度同步.     

Disturbance observer based model predictive control for accurate atmospheric entry of spacecraft

Facing the complex aerodynamic environment of Mars atmosphere, a composite atmospheric entry trajectory tracking strategy is investigated in this paper. External disturbances, initial states uncertainties and aerodynamic parameters uncertainties are the main problems. The composite strategy is designed to solve these problems and improve the accuracy of Mars atmospheric entry. This strategy includes a model predictive control for optimized trajectory tracking performance, as well as a disturbance observer based feedforward compensation for external disturbances and uncertainties attenuation. 500-run Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed composite control scheme achieves more precise Mars atmospheric entry (3.8?km parachute deployment point distribution error) than the baseline control scheme (8.4?km) and integral control scheme (5.8?km).     

推力室逆置点火瞬时真空舱流场数值与试验研究

针对高空模拟舱内逆向布置的推力室点火瞬时过程中舱内压力的变化规律进行了理论和数值仿真分析,推力室高速气流的动能是推力室短程点火过程中舱内压力大幅上升的主要原因.为保证推力室点火时舱内的真空度,需要在推力室出口配置导流装置将燃气导出真空舱.对单台和4台并联推力室进行点火试验,试验表明：采用燃气导流能够较好保持舱内真空度,是整机多推力室高空模拟试验的新思路.     

Lateral Flight Technical Error Estimation Model for Performance Based Navigation

Flight technical error (FTE) combined with navigation system error (NSE) is the main part of total system error (TSE) in performance based navigation (PBN).The implementation of PBN requires pre-flight prediction and en-route short-term dynamical prediction of the TSE.Once the sum of predicted lateral FTE and NSE is greater than the specified PBN value,the PBN cannot operate.Thus,accurate modeling and thorough analysis of lateral FTE are indispensible.Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) lateral track control system of a transport aircraft is designed using linear quadratic Gaussian and loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) method,and the lateral FTE of a turbulence disturbed approach operation is analyzed.The error estimation mapping function of latera FTE and its bound estimation algorithm are proposed based on singular value theory.According to the forming mechanism of lateral FTE,the algorithm considers environmental turbulence fluctuation disturbance,aircraft dynamics and control system parameters.Real-data-based Monte-Carlo simulation validates the theoretical analysis of FTE.It also shows that FTE is mainly caused by turbulence fluctuation disturbance when automatic flight control system (AFCS) is engaged and would increase with escalating environmental turbulence intensity.     

有磁场时电子在航天器光电子鞘层中的漂移运动

采用二级漂移近似理论，研究了在航天器光电子鞘层中与电流收集有关的电子在磁场中的运动轨道和收集电子有关的磁瓶结构，结果表明当磁场越强，航天器表面电势越弱，磁瓶在无穷远处横截面积就越小。在光电子鞘层中，势垒对电流收集影响较大，磁瓶的横截面积在略远于垫垒处有极大值，磁瓶在无穷远处的横截面积并非随着势垒距航天器距离的远近而单调变化。