星上控温策略的地面模拟与验证

为充分验证卫星在轨温度控制策略的适用性和效果,针对航天器在轨温度控制的特点及方式,提出一种在地面模拟星上控温策略的方法。该方法包含:设计开发一套适用于航天器真空热试验的星上控温模拟系统及基于比例开关控制算法的星上控温模拟软件;采用并行驱动技术实现单个控温时间片为1 s的时间控制精度,工况稳定后温度控制误差不超过±0.3℃。该方法已成功应用于某型号卫星真空热试验过程,系统配置灵活、操作简单、控温周期短、控温精度高,实现了星上控温策略的有效验证。     

空间构架式可展天线研究进展与展望

概括了构架式可展天线的发展状况,综述了构架式天线在网格划分、结构设计、构型综合、形面精度与可靠性、刚柔多体动力学及展开可控等若干基本问题,详述了构架式可展天线在机械、力学、控制等科技领域的具体研究进展。并总结了构架式可展天线在航天领域需进一步考虑的科学问题及未来的发展方向。     

序列凸优化的小天体附着轨迹优化

针对小天体附着多约束轨迹优化问题,提出一种基于序列凸优化的轨迹优化方法。首先采用内球谐引力场模型对目标小天体附近的不规则引力场进行精确建模,内球谐引力场模型是对经典球谐系数法的改进,形式简单,计算量小,并且克服了经典球谐系数模型在形状不规则的小天体附近不收敛的问题。对于小天体附着多约束轨迹优化问题,通过约束松弛、线性化、离散化过程,转化为一个可以迭代求解的二阶锥规划问题（SOCP）,进而采用内点法进行解算。数学仿真结果显示,优化结果符合各项约束条件,以零速度到达了目标着陆点,且符合燃耗最优的优化目标。利用序列凸优化算法进行小天体附着燃耗最优轨迹设计,推导简便,计算速度快,精度高,具有应用价值。     

基于阵列天线的一种GPS多径抑制方法

为了抑制多径效应对GPS的严重影响,在分析了多径效应对伪码跟踪环路影响的基础上,提出了一种基于空间平滑的改进稳健波束形成算法来抑制GPS多径效应。以直线阵为基础,采用前后向空间平滑算法对阵列接收信号进行预处理,针对各种失配,采用改进的稳健波束形成算法进行处理。该方法既可以有效地抑制GPS多径效应,又可以有效地改善伪码跟踪环路的跟踪精度。仿真实验结果验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性,具有较高的工程实践价值。     

基于室内合作场景智能识别的行人导航算法

基于足绑式惯性测量单元(IMU)的惯性导航系统被广泛应用于行人导航中,其通过零速修正(ZUPT)算法可对速度估计误差进行较好的补偿,然而其位置误差会随时间发散。针对于此,提出了一种基于室内合作场景智能识别的行人导航算法。通过随机森林算法,对行人在室内平地步行、上楼梯、下楼梯等不同步态进行训练与辨识,并结合室内先验地图对行人导航的结果进行校正。通过实验表明,行人在室内行走1100m时最大定位误差为1.85m(总行程0.17%),相对无场景识别的方法精度提高了6倍,可以有效提高行人导航精度。     

高超声速飞行器脆性透波材料大热流冲击下断裂性能试验

高超声速飞行器在俯冲段、高机动变轨或瞬间外露定位探测设备时,快速变化的高热流密度气动热会对天线窗、天线罩等部件产生强烈的热冲击。判断脆性材料透波部件在大热流密度冲击下是否出现断裂破坏及确定断裂时间点,对于高超声速飞行器能否最终锁定并击中目标具有极为重要的意义。本文建立石英灯红外辐射式大热流冲击试验系统,最大冲击热流密度可达1.5 MW/m²,并对SiO₂和Al₂O₃2种脆性材料进行了高速热冲击试验。热流冲击模拟准确,控制结果与预设热流的相对误差小于1.0%。同时,采用数字图像相关方法实时采集热冲击过程中脆性材料表面散斑图像的动态变化,成功捕捉并获得了断裂时间点这一重要关键参数。通过对散斑图像的分析计算,得到了脆性试验件断裂前的表面应变的变化。试验结果为高超声速飞行器透波天线窗等信号探测定位部件在高速大热流热冲击下的安全可靠性设计提供了重要依据。     

高压环境下剪切稀化非牛顿撞击射流直接数值模拟

高压环境下的撞击射流是液体火箭推进系统中广泛采用的一种燃料雾化方法,其雾化效果将直接决定最终燃烧效率。采用直接数值模拟（DNS）工具,对10 MPa高压环境下剪切稀化非牛顿直角撞击射流的三维非定常雾化特征、机理及非牛顿特性进行了研究。结果表明：高压环境下该撞击射流的雾化流场呈圆形辐射状分布并形成Mushroom头部和Ω状的局部凸起,气体中的涡量分布表现为有序贴附区和无序爆炸区两类,液膜向液丝的破碎主要受平均气体力和平均黏性力作用影响,而液丝向液滴的破碎则主要受局部流场参数影响,撞击雾化过程中液体无量纲表面积不断增长并可分为5个阶段。此外,撞击射流头部在局部强剪切力作用下其无量纲黏性系数最低降至仅0.7。     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

Robust adaptive compensation control for unmanned autonomous helicopter with input saturation and actuator faults

This paper studies a robust adaptive compensation Fault Tolerant Control(FTC) for the medium-scale Unmanned Autonomous Helicopter(UAH) in the presence of external disturbances,actuator faults and input saturation.To improve the disturbance rejection capacity of the UAH system in actuator healthy case, an adaptive control method is adopted to cope with the external disturbances and a nominal controller is proposed to stabilize the system.Meanwhile, compensation control inputs are designed to reduce the negative effects derived from actuator faults and input saturation.Based on the backstepping control and inner-outer loop control technologies, a robust adaptive FTC scheme is developed to guarantee the tracking errors convergence.Under the presented FTC controller, the uniform ultimate boundedness of all closed-loop signals is ensured via Lyapunov stability analysis.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

滑行段低温推进剂流动及换热特性对气枕压力的影响研究

运载火箭在飞行过程中需要进行姿态调整以满足入轨要求,贮箱内推进剂在外界干扰力的作用下将发生晃动,由此引入了诸如气液接触面积、蒸发、冷凝过程及推进剂流动变化等不确定影响因素。实际飞行过程尤其是进入滑行段的初始推进剂晃动对贮箱内气枕压力及推进剂流动行为具有重要影响。在调研国内外运载火箭末级飞行过程中低温贮箱压力及推进剂流动特性的基础上,建立仿真模型,采用流体体积函数方法(VOF)分析滑行段推进剂流动特性变化对贮箱气枕压力的影响。