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61.
S. M. Krimigis D. G. Mitchell D. C. Hamilton S. Livi J. Dandouras S. Jaskulek T. P. Armstrong J. D. Boldt A. F. Cheng G. Gloeckler J. R. Hayes K. C. Hsieh W.-H. Ip E. P. Keath E. Kirsch N. Krupp L. J. Lanzerotti R. Lundgren B. H. Mauk R. W. McEntire E. C. Roelof C. E. Schlemm B. E. Tossman B. Wilken D. J. Williams 《Space Science Reviews》2004,114(1-4):233-329
The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R
S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm2 sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm2 sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm2 sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm2 sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R
S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R
S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date. 相似文献
62.
本文针对X射线探伤中曝光时间与管电压的关系以及曝光时间在探伤中的实际意义做了详尽分析,并提出了对于不同厚度的零件如何选择曝光时间的原则。 相似文献
63.
设计一个基于单片机的过程控制系统 ,并以温度控制为例 ,通过实验手段建立了控制对象的数学模型 ,完成系统PID参数整定 ,通过开放的数据通信 ,使用通用PC对过程进行监控 ,实现分散控制 ,集中管理的现代工业控制模式。还对模糊控制温度过程作了理论性探讨 ,并在MATLAB下进行仿真 ,为实际控制过程提供理论依据。 相似文献
64.
基于VXI总线和虚拟仪器技术,研制开发了用于外场的模拟式电子控制器检测软件,并对软件开发的过程和要求进行了分析,重点解决了程序设计中的需求分析和模块化设计问题。 相似文献
65.
5 有关飞行控制自动化的争议 前10年内飞行控制自动化领域出现过两次较大的争论。 5.1 飞行控制自动化导致设备复杂化,是否影响了驾驶员的理解和接受能力,影响了飞行安全?或者说飞行控制自动化是否过头了? 当时从人机接口关系上曾提出过一些正面教学的观点: (1) 自动飞行方式过多,在某些方式的自动过渡中易使驾驶员模糊或误解; (2) 某些驾驶员过分依赖自动化,造成盲目的安全感而导致意外失控; (3) 驾驶员长期依靠自动化系统而缺乏手动操纵实践,技术熟练程度逐渐下降和荒废,当出现某些意外时,将手足无措,不能操纵改出; (4) … 相似文献
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68.
研究了一种应用于机载火控系统的具有自学习功能的故障诊断系统.首先介绍了系统的总体结构;然后通过分析火控系统的结构建立了层次诊断模型,并通过示例对诊断系统中知识的表达方法、推理方法等问题做了详细的分析;最后详细描述了系统的自学习机制.应用具有自学习功能的故障诊断专家系统,可实现综合化机载火控系统的智能故障诊断. 相似文献
69.
GH4169合金疲劳裂纹扩展性能的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究中对GH4169高温合金的疲劳裂纹扩展性能进行了试验研究。主要进行了400℃~600℃范围内的疲劳裂纹扩展试验.其中对GH4169环形锻件进行了室温下的疲劳裂纹扩展试验。结果表明,在400℃-600℃范围内,温度对GH4169高温合金疲劳裂纹扩展性能的影响很小,随温度上升,裂纹扩展速率稍有加快;优质成分对GH4169高温合金的疲劳裂纹扩展性能几乎没有影响,在相同温度下,YZGH4169与GH4169的疲劳裂纹扩展速率几乎一样;材料品种对YSGH4169高温合金的疲劳裂纹扩展性能有一定影响,YSGH4169锻件比棒材的疲劳裂纹扩展性能要好一些。 相似文献
70.
W型发动机双轴摆动故障的排除 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简要介绍了DPF-2型控制系统在W型发动机上的应用,分析了该系统在使用过程中出现的双轴摆动现象,对整个系统的稳定性进行了探讨,采取措施解决了该发动机双轴摆动故障并进行了试验验证。该研究对进一步完善该型发动机的燃油控制系统有一定的参考作用。 相似文献