磁控溅射沉积工艺条件对薄膜厚度均匀性的影响

薄膜厚度均匀性是衡量薄膜质量和镀膜装置性能的一项重要指标.在自行设计的磁控溅射沉积设备上,对薄膜沉积工艺中靶基间距、溅射功率、工作气压对膜厚均匀性的影响进行了研究,由连续光谱椭圆偏光仪SE800测量薄膜厚度.结果表明:靶基间距较大的情况下,薄膜均匀性明显改善;溅射功率和工作气压对薄膜均匀性也有较大的影响.     

弹性支撑条件下裂纹齿轮体有限元模拟与仿真

将齿轮与轴的装配支撑关系考虑为弹性支撑, 采用有限元数值分析ANSYS软件对故障齿轮的动力特性进行了模拟.研究了裂纹故障发生后齿轮动力特性的变化, 分析了不同大小和不同类型的故障对齿轮体动力特性的影响.结果表明:裂纹的大小和位置对动力特性都有影响, 但裂纹发生位置的影响要大于裂纹大小的影响, 即处于齿轮结构体中部的缺陷要比处于外边缘的缺陷对动力特性影响大.另外, 探讨了仿真时设置弹性支撑边界条件的方法, 并通过与固定支撑和自由支撑边界条件的比较, 给出了弹性支撑条件下分析结果的真实性和有效性, 为齿轮故障发生机理和诊断的研究提供了一种方法.      

多电极偶接对金属大气腐蚀影响的试验与仿真

搭建薄液膜厚度测量与控制装置,采用微距参比电极后置法组建三电极体系,测量了厚度为100 μm的3.5wt% NaCl液膜下2A12铝合金、TC18钛合金和30CrMnSiNi2A高强钢的极化曲线和耦合体系的电偶电流;建立了基于薄壳电流分布的Comsol腐蚀仿真模型,得到了100 μm液膜下电极电位分布和电流密度分布图,通过对电极表面进行局部电流面积分计算得到了其电偶电流,对不同电极进行了面积的参数化扫描,讨论分析了不同面积比对于电偶电流的影响。结果表明：利用仿真模型得到的电偶电流值与试验值吻合较好,在2A12/30CrMnSiNi2A/TC18多电极体系中2A12充当阳极,TC18/30CrMnSiNi2A充当阴极,且阴阳极极性不随面积比的变化而发生转变,电偶电流主要集中在30CrMnSiNi2A与2A12之间,电偶电流与TC18面积呈线性关系,其对数与2A12和30CrMnSiNi2A面积的对数之间呈线性关系。利用建立的仿真模型对模拟搭接件大气腐蚀进行了仿真研究,仿真发现垫圈、2A12与30CrMnSiNi2A偶接接缝处及2A12与TC18偶接铆钉处电流密度分布更为集中,易发生腐蚀,与暴晒试验结果相符,说明该仿真模型对于多电极偶接的腐蚀分布具有很好的预测作用。     

斜面兜孔圆柱滚子轴承的高速防打滑特性

为解决航空发动机主轴圆柱滚子轴承的打滑问题,提出一种具有斜面兜孔结构的圆柱滚子轴承,并对其高速防打滑特性展开研究。利用Hertz接触理论及弹流润滑、流体动力润滑的经验公式,建立了滚子-内外套圈滚道、兜孔-滚子、保持架-外圈引导面的接触模型。运用多体运动学及牛顿-欧拉动力学理论,建立了轴承径向平面内的三自由度动力学模型,在此基础上,利用龙格库塔数值积分法进行了轴承的动力学数值仿真,探讨了兜孔前后壁倾角对轴承打滑的影响规律,分析了兜孔前壁倾角为5°、后壁倾角为10°下轴承的高速打滑特性,结果表明:兜孔的前后壁倾角对轴承打滑有显著影响,通过对其进行优化,可有效抑制轴承的高速打滑。     

面向空中目标威胁评估的多传感器管理方法

为了降低在空中目标威胁评估任务中由于威胁评估结果的不准确性和传感器辐射所带来的潜在损失,提出了一种基于风险的多传感器管理方法。首先,基于部分可观马尔可夫决策过程建立了传感器管理模型;然后,给出了基于信息状态的威胁评估风险和传感器辐射风险的预测方法以量化潜在损失;接着,为获得更优的作战收益,以多步风险预测值为决策依据,以两种风险的加权和最小为优化目标建立了长期目标函数;最后,在求解目标函数时,将传感器管理问题转化为决策树搜索,设计了一种基于分支定界的标准代价搜索算法以快速获得高质量的管理方案。仿真实验表明,所提算法能够在搜索到高质量解的同时大幅减少计算时间和内存消耗;所提方法能够对风险进行准确预测,且相比于经典的传感器管理方法,所提方法具有更好的风险控制效果。     

激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化球化的影响

为研究激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化熔池流动的影响,基于离散单元法建立了选区激光熔化铺粉模型,采用粒径分布与实验相符的马氏体时效钢粉末分别铺展到平坦底面和增材底面上,将计算获得的粉末分布导入到基于有限体积法建立的选区激光熔化熔池计算流体力学模型中,研究激光功率和基板底面粗糙度对熔池流动和熔道表面形貌的影响。采用激光单道扫描实验验证铺粉模型和选区激光熔化模型。结果表明：随着激光功率的降低,单位长度的球化数量增加;由于增材底面使熔池润湿性变差,同时又对熔池流动行为产生扰动,使得增材粗糙底面上熔道的球化数量增加。选区激光熔化铺粉模拟及激光单道扫描模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。本研究可为选区激光熔化工艺中工艺参数的选择提供理论指导。     

基于正交试验的超声波喷丸成形工艺参数分析及弧高值预测

针对带筋板的超声波喷丸成形,采用正交试验法研究了撞针速度、撞针直径、成形轨迹间距、喷丸区域宽度对带筋板超声波喷丸成形弧高值的影响,得出最佳参数组合方案,并以此作为样本数据,建立多元回归分析数学模型。通过实验验证模型的准确性,试验数据和回归分析数据相符较好,可以用回归分析的数学模型来预测喷丸弧高值,提高工艺设计效率。     

温度场对航空发动机转子超转破裂的影响

CCAR33.27超转适航要求,分析和试验确定的超转转速,必须基于温度和温度梯度的最不利组合。因此,研究温度和温度梯度对超转破裂的影响有非常重要的意义。以某型航空发动机低压6级涡轮转子为例,采用极限应变方法开展了转子部件的超转破裂分析,对比了常温和高温（红线转速对应的温度分布）下转子关键轮盘应变分布趋势和应变增长规律、预测的超转破裂的起始位置和破裂转速等轮盘超转特性;针对超转破裂分析,提出了在高温条件下,经过常温超转破裂试验验证的方法应用的有效性条件。低压涡轮转子的分析结果也显示,红线转速对应的温度状态下,轮盘超转破裂转速比常温下显著降低,而高温下材料屈服强度的大幅降低则是破裂转速下降的主要原因。     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

Assessment on critical technologies for conceptual design of blended-wing-body civil aircraft

Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley's design principles has been optimized to the architecture's limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades' investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.