Model reference adaptive control with smooth switching scheme for piecewise linear systems and its application in turbofan engine control

A model reference adaptive control (MRAC) with smooth switching scheme was proposed for piecewise linear systems, and the method was utilized in turbofan engine control to avoid the discontinuity of control input. In this scheme, each sub-region of the operating envelope had its own MRAC controller, and smooth indicator function based smooth switching scheme was introduced to switch multiple controllers smoothly at the boundary of adjacent sub-regions. The Lyapunov stability analysis indicated that the proposed smooth switching scheme can guarantee the convergence of the closed-loop system during the controllers switching. The tracking error system was converted into a switched system to analyze the global stability of the closed-loop system. The advantage of the method was that the chattering of system output and instability caused by asynchronous switching can be eliminated. The simulation illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in comparison with the existing MRAC controller with gain scheduling for turbofan engine.      

Aerodynamic optimization design of general parameters for cycloidal propeller in hover based on surrogate model

A surrogate-model-based aerodynamic optimization design method for cycloidal propeller in hover was proposed, in order to improve its aerodynamic efficiency, and analyze the basic criteria for its aerodynamic optimization design. The reliability and applicability of overset mesh method were verified. An optimization method based on Kriging surrogate model was proposed to optimize the geometric parameters for cycloidal propeller in hover with the use of genetic algorithm. The optimization results showed that the thrust coefficient was increased by 3.56%, the torque coefficient reduced by 12.05%, and the figure of merit (FM) increased by 19.93%. The optimization results verified the feasibility of this design idea. Although the optimization was only carried out at a single rotation speed, the aerodynamic efficiency was also significantly improved over a wide range of rotation speeds. The optimal configuration characteristics for micro and small-sized cycloidal propeller were: solidity of 0.2-0.22, maximum pitch angle of 25°-35°, pitch axis locating at 35%-45% of the blade chord length.      

Al—7%Si合金综合处理及其力学性能的研究

在有效的熔体处理基础上,对Al-Si合金进行适当的微合金化处理,可明显提高Al-Si合金的力学性能,本文通过对Al-7%Si合金精炼,细化,变质处理后,加入Mg,Zr ,V等元素,使合金力学性能大幅度提高。     

新型磁悬浮振动陀螺的设计与分析研究

振动陀螺是一种利用哥氏效应检测角速度的传感器,其谐振子的结构精度和阻尼均匀性限制了陀螺性能的提升。为减小谐振子结构与支撑锚点的影响,提出了一种全新概念的磁悬浮振动陀螺。该陀螺利用电磁悬浮的方法将谐振子悬空,从而简化了谐振子为无支撑锚点的集中质量块,降低了其结构精度要求,消除了机械结构阻尼,最终达到提升陀螺性能的目的。基于经典振动陀螺模型,理论分析了磁悬浮振动陀螺的基本工作原理,并说明了谐振子误差对陀螺性能的影响规律,设计了新型磁悬浮振动陀螺的结构,并对该结构的磁感应强度进行了仿真分析。仿真结果证明,悬浮质量块振动稳定,具有较好的磁场均匀性。最后对陀螺样机进行了测试,其固有频率为20Hz,标度因子约为1.6mV/[(°)/s],测试结果验证了所提磁悬浮振动结构的陀螺效应。     

陀螺仪气室中碱金属原子数密度的检测

碱金属原子作为原子陀螺仪原子源的组成部分，其数密度是计算原子陀螺仪工作指标的重要参数。基于碱金属原子对不同激光失谐的吸收程度不同，提出了一种通过拟合碱金属原子吸收光谱得到碱金属原子数密度的测量方案。不同于以往的吸收测量法，该方案针对实际实验温度和气体压强等条件，对吸收谱拟合式进行了修正，从而提高了测量结果的准确度。测量结果与理论计算结果相吻合，两者偏差仅1.2倍左右，并可进一步应用于校准气室内碱金属蒸气的实际温度值。     

碳纤维增强复合材料新钻型结构设计及其对比试验

在碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)制孔过程中,易产生毛刺、分层等制孔缺陷,而钻头结构是影响制孔缺陷形成的关键因素。对此,在原有钻型基础上设计了两种新钻型,研究了原有钻型和两种新设计钻型的钻削轴向力和制孔效果。结果表明,在相同钻削工艺参数下,原有钻型"V型"刃的修除阶段的轴向力归零速度最大,新设计的燕尾开槽钻型的最小,这与制孔缺陷的变化规律基本一致,轴向力归零速度与制孔缺陷具有较好的映射关系;3种钻型均能有效减少毛刺,与原有钻型相比,新设计的两种钻型均能更好的去除毛刺和降低制孔缺陷;原有钻型的制孔缺陷以撕裂为主,新设计的开槽新钻型和燕尾开槽新钻型则以分层缺陷为主。据此可为CFRP制孔的刀具结构设计提供新的设计思路。     

CH_4/RP-3航空煤油混合燃料燃烧特性的实验研究

为研究甲烷添加对RP-3航空煤油燃烧特性的影响,在定容燃烧弹中获得初始温度420K,初始压力0.1MPa,当量比0.8~1.5和甲烷含量0~0.8工况下CH_4/RP-3航空煤油混合燃料火焰发展特性图片、火焰半径扩散速率、拉伸火焰传播速度、马克斯坦长度、无拉伸火焰传播速度和层流燃烧速度等燃烧特性,并分析了甲烷添加对混合燃料马克斯坦长度及层流燃烧速度等的影响。结果表明,CH_4/RP-3航空煤油混合燃料在当量比1.3,甲烷含量0工况时燃烧稳定性较差,但随着混合燃料中甲烷含量的增加,火焰前锋面逐渐趋于稳定;混合燃料当量比分别为0.8,1.0和1.2时,甲烷含量的增加对火焰半径扩散速率和拉伸火焰传播速度分别起促进、无明显影响和抑制作用;混合燃料马克斯坦长度曲线在当量比0.9~1.2交叉,当量比为0.8时,混合燃料马克斯坦长度随甲烷含量增加而减小,而当量比为1.3时,混合燃料马克斯坦长度接近于0,燃烧变得极不稳定;混合燃料层流燃烧速度峰值出现在当量比1.0~1.1内,当量比在0.9~1.1,甲烷添加对RP-3航空煤油层流燃烧速度影响较小,当量比大于1.1时,混合燃料层流燃烧速度随甲烷含量增加显著减低。     

下端壁流向槽抽吸对高负荷扇形扩压叶栅性能影响的数值研究

为探究附面层抽吸对亚声速高负荷扇形扩压叶栅气动性能和流场结构的影响,利用数值方法对叶栅进行了下端壁流向槽附面层抽吸的研究。对比原型和各抽吸方案发现:下端壁附面层的抽吸可以有效抑制下角区低能流体的分离及回流,降低下角区总压损失并提升叶栅近端壁区域的扩压能力,但上角区分离会略有加剧。当抽吸质量流量为原型叶栅质量流量的0.50%时,抽吸槽起始于角区分离点下游附近的抽吸方案(EW2)效果最佳,叶栅整体总压损失降低27.65%,静压比提升8.69%。     

冷气入射角及射流比对先进驻涡燃烧流动的影响

为了获得带导流片的先进旋涡燃烧室(AVC)壁面气膜冷却效率的变化规律,对不同冷空气入射角度以及射流比下的绝热壁面AVC冷却及掺混燃烧性能进行了数值模拟及分析。结果表明:入射角等于30°时,射流比越大压损越小;入射角等于60°时,压损相差不大;入射角等于90°时,射流比越大压损越大。入射角等于30°时,燃烧效率受射流比的影响较小;入射角等于90°时,燃烧效率随着射流比的增大而增大。射流比等于1.2及1.5时,燃烧效率随入射角的变化幅度较小;射流比等于1.8及2.0时,燃烧效率随入射角的增大而增大。     

高超声速进气道/隔离段内流特性研究进展

作为超燃冲压发动机的增压部件,高超声速进气道/隔离段内部存在一系列的复杂流动现象,本文概述了该领域的相关研究进展。高超声速进气道/隔离段内存在多种激波/边界层干扰现象,并受到膨胀波系等的干扰,使其特性偏离了传统基于简化模型的研究结果,具有显著的三维干扰特征、多波组合干扰特征,并在通道内诱导出了显著的二次流,特别是角区旋涡流动。隔离段内存在复杂的激波和膨胀波结构,这些背景波系在隔离段内不断反射,形成显著的流向和横向参数间断。当出口流道发生几何或热力壅塞时,隔离段内会出现更为复杂的激波串现象。激波串和上游背景波系、角涡相干,呈现出明显的偏向性,并在前移过程中可能会出现两种特殊的动态前移过程。尽管最近对高超声速进气道/隔离段内流特性的认识得到了极大地提高,但仍然有较多的基础问题亟待解决。