冷却剂不同流动方式对膨胀循环推力室再生冷却换热的影响

为了解液体火箭发动机膨胀循环推力室再生冷却换热特性,对某一参考发动机推力室和另外两种面积比的膨胀循环推力室建立三维计算模型,采用数值模拟的方法,考察冷却剂的温升、冷却通道压降以及推力室内壁面温度和热流密度的分布情况.重点比较了不同燃烧室圆柱段长度、冷却剂不同流动方式以及不同面积比对以上结果的影响.计算过程中采用二阶迎风格式离散控制方程.计算结果表明:采用逆流冷却时,通过加长推力室圆柱段长度使推力室受热面积增加70%后,冷却剂温升提高了一倍左右;对膨胀循环推力室进行再生冷却时,采用顺流冷却要比逆流冷却的冷却通道压降低,但同时冷却剂温升也较低,并且对喉部壁面的冷却效果较差.     

发动机试车和数据采集自动化的双微机系统

本文介绍一个双微机对话型实现航空发动机试车和采集数据自动化的微机系统。两台微机分别完成发动机工作状态的控制、显示和发动机试车数据的采集,打印,重要物理参数的监控,应急处理等。两台微机间的相互通讯,可使发动机的状态控制和数据的采集按预定程序交替或同步进行,从而实现自动化的目的。本文对系统的软、硬件结构作了详细的介绍,在目前国内通用试车台的基础上,硬件的改装工作量很小,实现很方便。手动和自动控制间的切换迅速而可靠。本系统在发动机试车台上进行了试验,并通过了航空工业部部级鉴定。     

Solution of the Problem of Optimal Spacecraft Launching into Orbit Using Reactive Acceleration and Solar Sail in Kustaanheimo–Stiefel Variables

Cosmic Research - Using the Pontryagin maximum principle and the Kustaanheimo–Stiefel variables, the spatial problem of optimal launching into a given orbit of a spacecraft (SC) controlled by...     

不同气体对涡流管能量分离效果的影响

通过实验的方法,分别对以空气、氮气、氩气和二氧化碳等气体为工质的涡流管的能量分离效应进行了研究,得出了涡流管的冷热效应、制冷量、单位制冷量和COP(性能系数,CoefficientofPerformance)随冷流率变化的特性曲线.研究表明:涡流管的冷热效应与工质的摩尔质量有着重要的关系,摩尔质量越大,其制冷和制热性能就越好;另外,在一定程度上还受气体本身的焦耳-汤姆逊系数的影响.对于制冷量和COP,除了跟工质的制冷效应和比热容有关外,跟摩尔质量也存在着相应的正比关系.      

着陆姿态对地外天体表层采样的影响研究

表层采样技术是获得地外天体特性的重要手段,是完成地外天体采样任务的一项关键技术。文章结合4自由度表层采样装置的特点,建立了表层采样装置的逆运动学模型,分析了极限着陆姿态下表层采样装置安装位置在当地参考坐标系中的变化,并针对一次封装与二次封装过程中表层采样装置的位置和姿态要求,明确了末端采样器姿态补偿方法,提出了着陆姿态对表层采样影响的分析算法。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效分析着陆姿态对表层采样的影响,可为表层采样装置适应性设计提供支持。     

一种不依赖剩余时间估计的巡航导弹多约束制导律

针对巡航导弹末段多约束精确打击问题,提出了一种不依赖剩余时间估计的攻击角度/时间制导律。推导了航向弹目相对运动关系,设计了一种基于附加航向角设计的时间约束制导律,通过对时间增益系数的设计和优化,实现附加航向角的调节,可使实际飞行时间向期望时间快速收敛;在此基础上,将角度约束制导律与时间约束制导律相结合,得到了一种角度/时间约束制导律。该制导律不依赖于剩余时间估计,进而实现多约束条件下航向轨迹自适应调整;通过求解偏置导引律闭环轨迹分析得到轨迹收敛条件,给出满足角度/时间约束制导律的显式收敛条件。最后通过数学仿真验证了本文提出的航向多约束制导律可满足时间和角度等多约束条件且具有快速收敛特性。     

Design of Interplanetary Transfers with Passive Gravity Assists and Deep Space Maneuvers

In the paper, the problem of designing interplanetary trajectories with several swing-bys and deep-space maneuvers is solved using the method of virtual trajectories developed by the authors. The algorithms for the calculation of both heliocentric and planetocentric trajectory arcs are presented, including the case of resonant trajectories. The results of applying the method of virtual trajectories to the problem of designing an interplanetary transfer to Jupiter are given and compared with the baseline trajectories for the Juno, Europa Clipper, and Laplace missions.     

Application of the Method of Integral Manifolds for Construction of Resonant Curves for the Problem of Spacecraft Entry into the Atmosphere

The separation of motions into slow (precession) and fast (nutation) components in the problem of the entry of a spacecraft (SC) with a small asymmetry into the atmosphere is considered. For the separation of the slow and fast motions the method of integral manifolds is used together with the asymptotic method for singularly perturbed systems. The separation of motions allows one to isolate the frequencies that are functions of the slow variables of a system, and further on, after determining the integer relations between them, to construct the resonant curves (surfaces). This method gives the possibility to analyze the conditions of the emergence of resonances for a SC at angles of attack that are not small and when aerodynamic characteristics are nonlinear. Examples of the construction of resonant curves for a SC with typical aerodynamic characteristics are considered.     

A Study of the Reflection of Radio Waves from the Plasma Region on the Track behind an Axisymmetric Body Moving in the Earth’s Atmosphere

The results of numerical calculation of the dependences of the electron density, the eigenfrequency and the dielectric plasma permeability on the geometric parameters and the altitude of body motion in the near and far wake behind a thin conical body with a spherical nose blunting have been presented. The electron density maximum has been shown to be located in the region of the neck of the near wake behind the body, which determines the type of this region (supercritical or subcritical). This in turn affects the propagation of radio waves through this plasma region. A comparative analysis was performed for two different bodies with the same ballistic coefficient values. No characteristic distinctions were revealed in the values of electron density or the plasma eigenfrequency in the near and far wake behind these bodies. However, it has been shown that there are differences in the values of the distance from the bottom cross section to the neck of the near wake behind these bodies.     

基于代理模型的气动外形平面参数多目标匹配设计

将Kriging代理模型和Pareto遗传算法引入气动外形平面参数匹配设计中,提出一种基于代理模型的多目标平面参数匹配设计方法。将拉丁超立方试验设计用于平面参数筛选,确定出参数匹配方案库;基于方案库的计算流体力学(CFD)分析结果构建Kriging气动代理模型;将Kriging模型替代CFD分析,用于气体布局参数匹配优化设计,提高了设计效率并保证了可信度;通过Pareto遗传算法优化解决多点设计要求下气动布局参数匹配问题,一次性给出参数匹配方案的最优解集,从Pareto前沿中根据设计偏向选择气动布局最佳匹配方案。以典型的双后掠布局平面参数多点匹配优化设计问题作为算例,研究结果表明:Kriging气动代理模型与实际CFD分析结果的误差均小于5%,满足精度要求;根据不同设计偏向,选择了3种参数匹配Pareto优化方案,与原样本方案相比超声速阻力减小6.0%~12.8%,跨声速升阻比增加0.01%~3.40%,证明了匹配设计方法的有效性;通过试验设计的Pareto分析与主、交互效应分析,获得了气动布局平面参数对气动性能影响的定量关系,能够为参数匹配设计提供依据。所提出的平面参数匹配设计方法可应用于其他常规与非常规气动布局型式。