High-Order Intermodulation Effects in Digital Satellite Channels

The phenomenon of intermodulation generation due to passive and normally linear components is sometimes called passive intermodulation. A unique characteristic of passive intermodulation interference in communications satellites is that the products causing trouble are of high orders. Due to the immense combinatorial complexity of the problem, both exact analysis and direct simulation are almost impossible. In this paper the problem is simplified by considering a composite interference model consisting of 1) the lowest order intermodulation product (of those high-order ones) at a frequency of interest, 2) a constant-envelope carrier with random phase to account for all other intermodulation interferences by direct overlap or spectrum spreading in the vicinity, and 3) white Gaussian noise (receiver noise). An approximation of the tail statistics of this composite interference is derived, and numerical results (checked by simulation) show that the tail distribution may be very different from Gaussian; careful consideration must be rendered before resorting to the a priori Gaussian assumption.     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

Characterization of ionospheric amplitude scintillations using wavelet entropy detrended GNSS data

The extensive monitoring networks of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ionospheric scintillation have been established to continuously log observation data. Further, the amplitude scintillation index and the phase scintillation index, which are derived from scintillation observations, are anticipated to accommodate the accuracy requirement of both the user level and the monitoring station level. However, raw scintillation observations essentially measure superposed waveform impairments of GNSS signals propagating through ionosphere and troposphere. It implies that fluctuations of raw scintillation observations are caused by multiple factors from the entire radio propagation environment. Hence, it is crucial to characterize ionospheric scintillations from GNSS observation data. And the characterization is implemented through extracting fluctuations of raw observations merely induced by ionospheric scintillations. Designed to address this problem by means of Fourier filtering detrending, the present work investigates the influence of varying detrending cutoff frequencies on wavelet statistical energy and wavelet entropy distributions of scintillation data. It consequently derives criteria on the optimum detrending cutoff frequency for three types of raw amplitude scintillation data, which are classified by their wavelet energy distributions. Results of the present work verify that detrending with specific optimum cutoff frequencies rather than the fixed and universally applicable one renders the validity and credibility of characterizing ionospheric scintillations as the part of GNSS observation fluctuations purely induced by ionosphere electron density irregularities whose scale sizes are comparable with or smaller than the Fresnel scale.     

军用飞机跳伞供氧系统改进

介绍三种跳伞供氧分系统改进方法,可用在现役主战飞机的跳伞供氧分系统中增加快速、可靠的分离机构,配合手动或自动解脱机构,使飞行员弹射救生后下降着陆或着水之前,能自动或手动解脱跳伞供氧分系统的大部分成件,使之脱离与人体的连接,减轻入水重量,减少对救生过程的不利影响,以提高水上救生的成功率。经过试验检验提出了一种较优改进方案。     

国家扭矩基准机的不确定度分析

详细介绍了由中船重工第七○四研究所和中国计量科学研究院联合研制的100 Nm国家扭矩基准机的各部件测量不确定度的分量组成,通过部件法进行了不确定度计算,结果表明该装置达到了2×10-5(k=2)的水平。通过和德国PTB进行的装置国际比对,也验证了100 Nm国家扭矩基准机达到了国际领先水平,填补了国内空白。     

航天器大功率并网控制技术研究

中国空间站各舱段均有各自独立的电源系统,为了解决由于阳光遮挡效应导致部分舱段供电能力不足问题,提出了通过配置大功率并网控制单机--并网控制器的并网供电方案。高压大功率模块化并网控制器采用四相交错双管正激高压拓扑技术、恒压恒流双环控制技术、最大电流并联均流技术、输出数字调节技术及故障检测、隔离和恢复 （Failure Detection Isolation and Recovery,FDIR ）技术,可以实现中国空间站舱段之间及与飞船之间功率4kW并网供电,并通过了试验验证。     

某伺服实时控制软件SFMEA/SFTA

对某助推伺服控制软件开展失效模式影响分析(SystemFailureModeandEffectsAnalysis,SFMEA) 和故障树分析(SoftwareFailureTreeAnalysis,SFTA)。SFMEA 是一种自下而上的分析方法,用以辨识出一系列可能的软件潜在故障模式,并评估其对系统工作的危害性。SFTA 是一种自上而下的分析方法,其目标是识别出基本事件(底事件),而基本事件可导致系统产生其所不希望发生的顶事件。应用SFMEA和SFTA的主要目的是提高软件和系统的安全性及可靠性。     

基于代理模型的航天器振动夹具优化方法

航天器振动夹具的一般设计原则是在避免安装干涉的前提下,尽量提高其刚度,同时减小自身重量对试验条件制定的影响。文章从提高振动试验夹具设计的效率出发,在优化过程中引入Kriging代理模型来代替原有的动力学输入输出关系,最大程度地减少优化迭代过程中有限元模型重构与求解次数。为进一步提高代理模型更新的效率,提出了一种混沌邻域搜索的多点加点准则,在发掘当前最优点的同时,有选择性地加入了更多的预测点,用以快速改善代理模型的局部代理精度。数值仿真针对典型航天器力学环境试验夹具的几何参量进行优化,优化结果验证了该方法的有效性与高效性。     

高空低气压下电晕放电电磁脉冲辐射特性模拟实验

为研究高空低气压下飞行器表面电晕放电电磁脉冲辐射特性,以尖端导体电晕放电为研究对象,进行了低气压下电晕放电电磁脉冲辐射特性模拟实验,给出了辐射电场幅值与气压的关系表达式,并基于气体放电和电磁场理论总结了电晕放电电磁脉冲辐射特性随电压极性、气压以及测试距离的变化规律。结果表明:电晕放电电磁脉冲辐射电场时域波形呈衰减振荡形式,持续时间约为600 ns,首脉冲方向随电压极性的不同而不同,且辐射电场分量主要集中在与放电针相同的极化方向;辐射电场频谱主要分布在500 MHz以内,在35 MHz和170 MHz处出现稳定的波峰;在气压为4~30 kPa范围内,随着气压的降低,放电电磁脉冲辐射电场增强;随着测试距离的增加,电晕放电电磁脉冲辐射电场逐渐衰减。该研究结论可为低气压下飞行器电晕放电电磁脉冲辐射特性研究提供有益参考。