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This paper describes experimental research into the initiation and propagation of rotating detonation for liquid Nitrogen TetrOxide (NTO) and liquid MonoMethylHydrazine (MMH). An annular rocket-type combustor without nozzle was designed to investigate detonation combustion. The propellants were injected through unlike impingement injectors. The combustion flame fronts and pressure waves were detected using optical diagnostics and dynamic pressure sensors, respectively. The propagation of rotating detonation was established spontaneously by increasing the mass flow rate of propellants. The velocity of propagation of the flame fronts and pressure waves was nearly equal and reaches supersonic speed. Two different detonation combustion patterns are present, single wave mode and double waves mode. And in double waves mode, the two detonation waves are always counter-rotating. The possibility of rotating detonation initiation in a combustor with nozzle was also checked. Stable rotating detonation can be initialized and sustained at similar operating conditions. 相似文献
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David G. Sibeck R. Allen H. Aryan D. Bodewits P. Brandt G. Branduardi-Raymont G. Brown J. A. Carter Y. M. Collado-Vega M. R. Collier H. K. Connor T. E. Cravens Y. Ezoe M.-C. Fok M. Galeazzi O. Gutynska M. Holmström S.-Y. Hsieh K. Ishikawa D. Koutroumpa K. D. Kuntz M. Leutenegger Y. Miyoshi F. S. Porter M. E. Purucker A. M. Read J. Raeder I. P. Robertson A. A. Samsonov S. Sembay S. L. Snowden N. E. Thomas R. von Steiger B. M. Walsh S. Wing 《Space Science Reviews》2018,214(4):79
Both heliophysics and planetary physics seek to understand the complex nature of the solar wind’s interaction with solar system obstacles like Earth’s magnetosphere, the ionospheres of Venus and Mars, and comets. Studies with this objective are frequently conducted with the help of single or multipoint in situ electromagnetic field and particle observations, guided by the predictions of both local and global numerical simulations, and placed in context by observations from far and extreme ultraviolet (FUV, EUV), hard X-ray, and energetic neutral atom imagers (ENA). Each proposed interaction mechanism (e.g., steady or transient magnetic reconnection, local or global magnetic reconnection, ion pick-up, or the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability) generates diagnostic plasma density structures. The significance of each mechanism to the overall interaction (as measured in terms of atmospheric/ionospheric loss at comets, Venus, and Mars or global magnetospheric/ionospheric convection at Earth) remains to be determined but can be evaluated on the basis of how often the density signatures that it generates are observed as a function of solar wind conditions. This paper reviews efforts to image the diagnostic plasma density structures in the soft (low energy, 0.1–2.0 keV) X-rays produced when high charge state solar wind ions exchange electrons with the exospheric neutrals surrounding solar system obstacles.The introduction notes that theory, local, and global simulations predict the characteristics of plasma boundaries such the bow shock and magnetopause (including location, density gradient, and motion) and regions such as the magnetosheath (including density and width) as a function of location, solar wind conditions, and the particular mechanism operating. In situ measurements confirm the existence of time- and spatial-dependent plasma density structures like the bow shock, magnetosheath, and magnetopause/ionopause at Venus, Mars, comets, and the Earth. However, in situ measurements rarely suffice to determine the global extent of these density structures or their global variation as a function of solar wind conditions, except in the form of empirical studies based on observations from many different times and solar wind conditions. Remote sensing observations provide global information about auroral ovals (FUV and hard X-ray), the terrestrial plasmasphere (EUV), and the terrestrial ring current (ENA). ENA instruments with low energy thresholds (\(\sim1~\mbox{keV}\)) have recently been used to obtain important information concerning the magnetosheaths of Venus, Mars, and the Earth. Recent technological developments make these magnetosheaths valuable potential targets for high-cadence wide-field-of-view soft X-ray imagers.Section 2 describes proposed dayside interaction mechanisms, including reconnection, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, and other processes in greater detail with an emphasis on the plasma density structures that they generate. It focuses upon the questions that remain as yet unanswered, such as the significance of each proposed interaction mode, which can be determined from its occurrence pattern as a function of location and solar wind conditions. Section 3 outlines the physics underlying the charge exchange generation of soft X-rays. Section 4 lists the background sources (helium focusing cone, planetary, and cosmic) of soft X-rays from which the charge exchange emissions generated by solar wind exchange must be distinguished. With the help of simulations employing state-of-the-art magnetohydrodynamic models for the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction, models for Earth’s exosphere, and knowledge concerning these background emissions, Sect. 5 demonstrates that boundaries and regions such as the bow shock, magnetosheath, magnetopause, and cusps can readily be identified in images of charge exchange emissions. Section 6 reviews observations by (generally narrow) field of view (FOV) astrophysical telescopes that confirm the presence of these emissions at the intensities predicted by the simulations. Section 7 describes the design of a notional wide FOV “lobster-eye” telescope capable of imaging the global interactions and shows how it might be used to extract information concerning the global interaction of the solar wind with solar system obstacles. The conclusion outlines prospects for missions employing such wide FOV imagers. 相似文献
444.
先进的气动优化设计思想与方法,对于提升大型民机气动与综合性能具有至关重要的意义。探讨了大型民机超临界机翼气动优化设计的基本准则和要点,并结合代理优化算法,提出了一种面向工程应用的多轮次高效全局气动优化设计方法。首先,通过一系列解析函数/翼型/机翼优化测试算例进行了验证。其次,将所提出的方法与人工修型相结合,开展了针对宽体客机超临界机翼的两轮气动优化设计,使其气动性能得到显著改善。最后,采用不同的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程求解器对安装优化机翼的全机巡航构型进行了典型状态的气动性能综合评估。研究结果表明,所提出的代理优化算法具有很高的优化效率、较强的约束处理和全局优化能力;将所发展的基于代理模型的多轮次气动优化设计方法与人工修型相结合,能够获得满足设计要求的气动外形,验证了该方法在大型民机超临界机翼气动设计中的有效性和工程实用性。 相似文献
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446.
447.
基于LMD的包络谱特征值在滚动轴承 故障诊断中的应用 总被引:2,自引:9,他引:2
滚动轴承故障振动信号往往是多分量的调幅-调频信号,而传统包络分析方法需要根据经验设置滤波器的中心频率与带宽,因而会带来解调误差.基于此,提出了一种基于局域均值分解(local mean decomposition,简称LMD)的包络谱特征值的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法可以将一个多分量的调幅-调频信号分解成若干瞬时频率具有物理意义的PF (product function,简称PF )分量之和,由于每一个PF分量是分量包络信号和纯调频信号的积,因此可以直接对包络信号进行频谱分析得到包络谱.然后定义信号在包络谱中不同故障特征频率处的幅值比为包络谱特征值,并以此作为特征向量输入到支持向量机分类器中,用以区分滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型.对滚动轴承正常状态、内圈故障和外圈故障振动信号的分析结果表明了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
448.
449.
基于磁流体控制的高超声速进气道黏性效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立引入电磁源项的二维低磁雷诺数磁流体动力学(MHD)方程组,对高超声速二维前体/进气道黏性流场进行了数值模拟.在给出了进气道高于设计马赫数的非设计工况下黏性流场的基本特征基础上,进一步分析了施加MHD控制对进气道黏性效应的影响.结果表明:施加MHD控制可以有效抑制非设计工况下内进气道表面的附面层分离,改善上壁面的热状况,平衡上、下壁面之间的热负担;黏性作用下,进气道流场及性能参数随磁感强度的变化规律与无黏模型计算结果存在较大差别,对磁流体控制的高超声速进气道研究不可忽略黏性的影响. 相似文献
450.
利用涡喷发动机试车台和新研制的小型涡喷发动机完成了一系列静电监测实验,获取了涡喷发动机尾气静电信号特性,并通过分析静电信号特征证实了尾气静电监测技术对发动机气路部件机械故障的监测.研究发现发动机尾气静电信号的细微变化与发动机工况相关,通过分析第102试车阶段的静电信号发现活动率水平出现了与发动机工况同步变化的情况,验证了活动率水平是一种可作为表征尾气中微小颗粒的带电情况的特征参数;在102~108试车阶段中,发动机出现了燃烧室内壁积炭、燃烧室内壁轻微烧蚀和气路润滑油泄漏故障,根据静电信号的统计分析以及大时间尺度的趋势分析,发现活动率水平、正(负)事件率可作为预警参数来反映因这些故障而导致尾气静电整体水平的变化. 相似文献